Abstract The presence of senescent cells within tissues has been functionally linked to malignant transformations. Here, using tension-gauge tethers technology, particle-tracking microrheology, and quantitative microscopy, we demonstrate that senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) derived from senescent fibroblasts impose nuclear lobulations and volume shrinkage on malignant cells, which stems from the loss of RhoA/ROCK/myosin II-based cortical tension. This loss in cytoskeletal tension induces decreased cellular contractility, adhesion, and increased mechanical compliance. These SASP-induced morphological changes are, in part, mediated by Lamin A/C. These findings suggest that SASP induces defective outside-in mechanotransduction from actomyosin fibers in the cytoplasm to the nuclear lamina, thereby triggering a cascade of biophysical and biomolecular changes in cells that associate with malignant transformations.
R. Lica et al. -- 14 pags., 7 figs., tab. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 3.0 ; Neutron-rich Ba isotopes are expected to exhibit octupolar correlations, reaching their maximum in isotopes around mass A = 146. The odd-A neutron-rich members of this isotopic chain show typical patterns related to non-axially symmetric shapes, which are however less marked compared to even-A ones, pointing to a major contribution from vibrations. In the present paper we present results from a recent study focused on Cs β-decay performed at the ISOLDE Decay Station equipped with fast-timing detectors. A detailed analysis of the measured decay half-lives and decay scheme of Ba is presented, giving a first insight in the structure of this neutron-rich nucleus. ; The IDS collaboration acknowledges financial support from: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, the Italian 'Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale (PRIN)' contract number 2001024324 01302, the European Union's seventh framework through ENSAR, contract no. 262010, the European Unions Horizon 2020 Framework research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 654002 (ENSAR2), the FATIMA-NuPNET network via the PRI-PIMNUP-2011-1338 project, the Spanish MINECO projects reference numbers FPA2013-41467-P and FPA2015-646969-P, the German BMBF under contract 05P15PKCIA and 'Verbundprojekt 05P2015', the FWO-Vlaanderen (Belgium) and the IAP Belgian Science Policy (BriX network P7/12). VCh and ZP acknowledge support by the polish grant of Narodowe Centrum Nauki nr 2015/18/M/ST2/00523. ; Peer Reviewed
The electric moments induced in the electronic core by a pear shaped nuclear deformation have been investigated. An odd multipole giving no radial excitation, the Sternheimer correction remains small.
The elementary parts of every fuel assembly, and thus of the reactor core, are fuel rods. The main function of cladding is hermetic separation of nuclear fuel from coolant. The fuel rod works in very specific and difficult conditions, so there are high requirements on its reliability and safety. During irradiation of fuel rods, a state may occur when fuel pellet and cladding interact. This state is followed by changes of stress and deformations in the fuel cladding. The article is focused on stress and deformation analysis of fuel cladding, where two fuels are compared: a fresh one and a spent one, which is in contact with cladding. The calculations are done for 4 different shapes of fuel pellets. It is possible to evaluate which shape of fuel pellet is the most appropriate in consideration of stress and deformation forming in fuel cladding, axial dilatation of fuel, and radial temperature distribution in the fuel rod, based on the obtained results.
The occurrence of octupolar shapes in the Ba isotopic chain was recently established experimentally up to N = 90. To further extend the systematics, the evolution of shapes in the most neutron-rich members of the Z = 56 isotopic chain accessible at present, Ba-148,Ba-150, has been studied via beta decay at the ISOLDE Decay Station. This paper reports on the first measurement of the positive-and negative-parity low-spin excited states of 150Ba and presents an extension of the beta-decay scheme of Cs-148. Employing the fast timing technique, half-lives for the 2(1)(+) level in both nuclei have been determined, resulting in T-1/2 = 1.51(1) ns for Ba-148 and T-1/2 = 3.4(2) ns for Ba-150. The systematics of low-spin states, together with the experimental determination of the B(E2 : 2(+) -> 0(+)) transition probabilities, indicate an increasing collectivity in Ba148-150, towards prolate deformed shapes. The experimental data are compared to symmetry conserving configuration mixing (SCCM) calculations, confirming an evolution of increasingly quadrupole deformed shapes with a definite octupolar character. ; The authors are indebted to the late Prof. Henryk Mach whose experience helped in designing and performing the experiment. The IDS Collaboration acknowledges financial support from Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, the Italian "Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale" (PRIN), contract 2001024324 01302; the European Union seventh framework through ENSAR, contract 262010; the European Unions Horizon 2020 Framework research and innovation program under grant agreement 654002 (ENSAR2); the FATIMA-NuPNET network via the PRI-PIMNUP-2011-1338 project; the Romanian IFA grant CERN/ISOLDE and Romanian PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-2003; the Spanish MINECO projects, reference numbers FPA2013-41467-P, FPA2015-64969-P, FPA2015-65929, and FIS2015-63770; Spanish grants FIS-2014-53434-P MINECO and Programa Ramon y Cajal 2012 No. 11420, MINECO grant IJCI-2014-19172, and the MINECO project FPA2014-52823-C2-1-P; the German BMBF under contract 05P15PKCIA, contract 05P15PKFNA, and "Verbundprojekt 05P2015," the FWO-Vlaanderen (Belgium); and the IAP Belgian Science Policy (BriX network P7/12). V.Ch. and Z.P. acknowledge support by the Polish grant of Narodowe Centrum Nauki, no. 2015/18/M/ST2/00523.
12 pags., 11 figs., 3 tabs. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0 ; The occurrence of octupolar shapes in the Ba isotopic chain was recently established experimentally up to N = 90. To further extend the systematics, the evolution of shapes in the most neutron-rich members of the Z = 56 isotopic chain accessible at present, Ba-148,Ba-150, has been studied via beta decay at the ISOLDE Decay Station. This paper reports on the first measurement of the positive-and negative-parity low-spin excited states of 150Ba and presents an extension of the beta-decay scheme of Cs-148. Employing the fast timing technique, half-lives for the 2(1)(+) level in both nuclei have been determined, resulting in T-1/2 = 1.51(1) ns for Ba-148 and T-1/2 = 3.4(2) ns for Ba-150. The systematics of low-spin states, together with the experimental determination of the B(E2 : 2(+) -> 0(+)) transition probabilities, indicate an increasing collectivity in Ba148-150, towards prolate deformed shapes. The experimental data are compared to symmetry conserving configuration mixing (SCCM) calculations, confirming an evolution of increasingly quadrupole deformed shapes with a definite octupolar character. ; The IDS Collaboration acknowledges financial support from Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, the Italian "Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale" (PRIN), contract 2001024324 01302; the European Union seventh framework through ENSAR, contract 262010; the European Unions Horizon 2020 Framework research and innovation program under grant agreement 654002 (ENSAR2); the FATIMA-NuPNET network via the PRI-PIMNUP-2011-1338 project; the Romanian IFA grant CERN/ISOLDE and Romanian PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-2003; the Spanish MINECO projects, reference numbers FPA2013- 41467-P, FPA2015-64969-P, FPA2015-65929, and FIS2015- 63770; Spanish grants FIS-2014-53434-P MINECO and Programa Ramon y Cajal 2012 No. 11420, MINECO grant IJCI-2014-19172, and the MINECO project FPA2014-52823- C2-1-P; the German BMBF under contract 05P15PKCIA, contract 05P15PKFNA, and "Verbundprojekt 05P2015," the FWO-Vlaanderen (Belgium); and the IAP Belgian Science Policy (BriX network P7/12). V.Ch. and Z.P. acknowledge support by the Polish grant of Narodowe Centrum Nauki, no. 2015/18/M/ST2/00523. ; Peer Reviewed
A common measure of deformation between atomic scale simulations and the continuum framework is provided and the strain tensors for multiscale simulations are defined in this paper. In order to compute the deformation gradient of any atomm, the weight function is proposed to eliminate the different contributions within the neighbor atoms which have different distances to atomm, and the weighted least squares error optimization model is established to seek the optimal coefficients of the weight function and the optimal local deformation gradient of each atom. The optimization model involves more than 9 parameters. To guarantee the reliability of subsequent parameters identification result and lighten the calculation workload of parameters identification, an overall analysis method of parameter sensitivity and an advanced genetic algorithm are also developed.
The ca. 1 Ga Grenville orogeny was a protracted mountain-building event that culminated in the collision of Laurentia and Amazonia and the formation of the Rodinia supercontinent. While the expression of Grenville orogenesis in present-day crustal structure has been extensively investigated in eastern Canada, evidence for contemporaneous crustal deformation is less well established beneath the eastern United States. Furthermore, the interpretation of a geophysical lineament through the U.S. midcontinent, typically inferred to be the Grenville deformation front, has recently been called into question; an alternative hypothesis is that this feature actually corresponds to an eastern arm of the Midcontinent Rift. Here we present P-to-S receiver functions computed for stations of the Mid-Atlantic Geophysical Integrative Collaboration (MAGIC) experiment, a dense array of broadband seismometers across the central Appalachians and midcontinent. We see evidence for a crustal negative velocity gradient that dips gently (dip angle <10 degrees) to the southeast and extends east from a location near the putative Grenville front, terminating near the Appalachian Mountains. While we cannot date this feature, its location and characteristics are consistent with a shallowly dipping, seismically anisotropic intracrustal shear zone associated with collisional deformation, perhaps during Grenville orogenesis. The similarity between this feature and similar mid-crustal detachments in other orogens, both ancient (Appalachians) and modern (Himalayas), suggests that this style of crustal deformation has been common in continental collisional orogens. ; IRIS PASSCAL Instrument Center at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1261681]; U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security AdministrationNational Nuclear Security AdministrationUnited States Department of Energy (DOE); NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1251515, EAR-1251329, EAR-1250988] ; Seismic data from the USArray Transportable Array, the U.S. National Seismic Network, and the Mid- Atlantic Geophysical Integrative Collaboration (MAGIC) experiment (https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/7A_2013) were accessed via the Data Management Center (http://ds.iris.edu) of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS). The MAGIC deployment was supported by the IRIS PASSCAL Instrument Center at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA. The facilities of the IRIS Consortium are supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Cooperative Agreement EAR-1261681 and the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. The MAGIC project was supported by the EarthScope and GeoPRISMS programs of the NSF via grant EAR-1251515 to Yale University, grant EAR-1251329 to the College of New Jersey, and grant EAR-1250988 to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith, 1991) and FuncLab (Porritt and Miller, 2018) software programs were used in this work. The NSF I/D program helped support preparation of this manuscript. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF. We gratefully acknowledge comments from editor Dennis Brown, Carol Stein, and two anonymous reviewers. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee
The new Structural Seismic Isolation System (SSIS) intends to provide high safety for important structures such as nuclear power plants, offshore oil platforms, and high-rise buildings against near-fault and long-period earthquakes. The presented SSIS structure foot base and foundation contact surfaces have been designed as any curved surfaces (spherical, elliptical, etc.) depending on the earthquake-soil-superstructure parameters, and these contact surfaces have been separated by using elastomeric (lead core rubber or laminated rubber bearings with up to 4-second period) seismic isolation devices. It would allow providing inverse pendulum behavior to the structure. As a result of this behavior, the natural period of the structure will possess greater intervals which are larger than the predominant period of the majority of the possible earthquakes including near-fault zones. Consequently, the structure can maintain its serviceability after the occurrence of strong and long-period earthquakes. This study has investigated the performance of the SSIS for the nuclear containment (SSIS-NC) structure. The finite element model of SISS-NC structure has been developed, and nonlinear dynamic analysis of the model has been conducted under the strong and long-period ground motions. The results have been presented in comparison with the conventional application method of the seismic base isolation devices for nuclear containment (CAMSBID-NC) and fixed base nuclear containment (FB-NC) structures. The base and top accelerations, effective stress, and critical shear stress responses of the SSIS-NC structure are 48.67%, 36.70%, and 32.60% on average lower than those of CAMSBID-NC structure, respectively. The result also confirms that the SSIS-NC structure did not cause resonant vibrations under long-period earthquakes. On the other hand, there is excessive deformation in the isolation layers of CAMSBID-NC structure.
