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Abstract This paper looks at a situation where a licensor owns a patent on a technology that allows the production of a new good. The licensor seeks to license its innovation to a set of producers that differ according to their marginal cost of producing an existing good. We show that the licensor is able to obtain the profit a monopolist would achieve by producing the new good. The equilibrium licensing contract specifies both a fixed fee and a royalty scheme based on the production of a licensee.

International audience Compendious and thorough solutions to the existence of a linear price equilibrium problem, the second welfare theorem, and the limit theorem on the core are provided for exchange economies whose consomption sets are the positive cone of arbitrary ordered Fréchet-dispensing entirely with the assumption that the vector ordering of the commodity space is a lattice. The motivation comes from economic applications showing the need to bring within the scope of equilibrium theory vector orderings that are not lattices, which arise in the typical model of portfolio trading with missing options. The assumptions are on the primitives of the model. They are bounds on the marginals of non-linear prives and for omega-proper economies they are both sufficient and necessary. ; Résumé. Nous etudions l'existence de l'équilibre, ses propriétés d'optimalité et les théorèmes-limite pour le coeur d'une économie d'échange dont les ensembles de consommation coïncident avec le cône positif d'un espace de Fréchet ordonné, sans jamais faire l'hypothèse que l'espace de Fréchet est aussi un espace de Riesz. La motivation vient d'applications économiques à des modèles d'échange d'actifs financiers caractérisés par l'absence de certaines options. Les hypothèses sont faites sur les données du modèle d'économis d'échange. Les prix non-linéaires sont supposés être marginalement bornés. Pour une économie d'échange omega propre, cette hypothèse est à la fois nécessaire et suffisante.

We consider a moral hazard problem where the principal is uncertain as to what the agent can and cannot do: she knows some actions available to the agent, but other, unknown actions may also exist. The principal demands robustness, evaluating possible contracts by their worst-case performance, over unknown actions the agent might potentially take. The model assumes risk-neutrality and limited liability, and no other functional form assumptions. Very generally, the optimal contract is linear. The model thus offers a new explanation for linear contracts in practice. It also introduces a flexible modeling approach for moral hazard under nonquantifiable uncertainty. (JEL D81, D82, D86)

This article is devoted to disclosing the idea of trusting knowledge, which is laid out in the monograph "Trusting knowledge in conditions of social turbulence: risks, vulnerabilities, security challenges". The genre of the article/review allowed for presenting the key positions of the sociological conception and the results of empirical research conducted by the book's authors (the research team of MGIMO University under the guidance of Professor S.A. Kravchenko), as well as for interpreting them while taking into account our own theoretical and methodological approaches to the phenomenon of trust and the results of its research.
The article deals with concepts that have become the basis for the book — the concept of institutional trust in knowledge systems, and the concept of how the dynamics of institutional trust impact the system of producing and spreading knowledge. Highlighted is the novelty and originality of the author's interpretations of scientific knowledge dynamics — from linear to non-linear knowledge. Following this, we present our own interpretations of the problem of nonlinear trust — as a response to the ideas of the monograph's authors on the dynamics of reflexive trust (from linear to non-linear). Special attention is paid to the criteria for evaluating scientific knowledge which bears credibility in the eyes of various social actors.
The reflections on the book "Trusting knowledge in conditions of social turbulence: risks, vulnerabilities, security challenges" which this article/review contains fit into the broad context of the theoretical and methodological problems with studying the phenomenon of trust. Shown are possible paths for developing sociological research of trust, while taking into account the ideas presented in the monograph.

This paper focuses upon the theory of subsidies and here the emphasis is not symmetric with the analysis of taxation.While there exists a strong justification for attention given to the financing of government expenditure at minimal distortion cost there are few governments confronted with the problem of deciding how to get rid of excess revenue acquired at zero cost.

Innovation is an elusive concept, in part due to its never ending and evolving transformation

Non-linear temperature profiles caused by temperature-dependent thermal conductivity l(T) of wall materials are discussed. Instead of conventional thermal resistance, modified effective resistance has been introduced.

AbstractIn this article, we investigate different market structures where decision makers are incentivized by both profit and revenue. Our innovation is that we consider managers that evaluate revenue in a non‐linear way, exhibiting diminishing marginal utility. This implies that incremental changes in revenue—for example, due to demand shocks—generate production choices that depend on the existing revenue base of the firm. We show that this intuitively appealing extension reverses some conventional results: decision makers may increase output in the presence of negative demand shocks, which depends on the concavity of their utility function with respect to revenue.

This article revolves around the question why people in "Western" cultures grow dreadlocks based on observations on social media and participant observation. It addresses the issue of cultural appropriation and moves on looking at certain motivations. It is striking that many aspects are two-sided if not contradictory, e.g., the strong connection to naturality, though for the most part dreadlocks are not a natural style, being sectioned, crocheted, dyed, extended, etc. They seem to stand for harmony and stability and yet signify rebellion. They visualise people's inner self - yet should not be taken too seriously. By these contradictions, dreadlocks seem to give a postmodern statement.