In this paper, we propose a physics-based method of prediction high-energy solar flares (SFs) with the help of neutrino detectors utilizing coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS). The behavior of neutrino beams passing through coupled sunspots (CSs) being the sources of future SFs is investigated. We consider the evolution of left-handed electron neutrino νeL and muon neutrino νμL beams formed in the convective zone after the passage of the Micheev – Smirnov – Wolfenstein resonance. It is assumed that the neutrinos possess the charge radius, the magnetic and anapole moments while the CS magnetic field is vortex, nonhomogeneous and has twisting. Estimations of the weakening of the neutrino beams after traversing the resonant layers are given. It is shown that for SFs this weakening could be registered by neutrino detectors of the second generation only when neutrinos have the Dirac nature.
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant ; European Research Council under ERC Grant NuMass ; Wolfson Foundation ; Royal Society ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant: 690575 ; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant: 674896 ; European Research Council under ERC Grant NuMass: FP7-IDEAS-ERC ERC-CG 617143 ; Neutrino trident scattering is a rare Standard Model process where a charged-lepton pair is produced in neutrino-nucleus scattering. To date, only the dimuon final-state has been observed, with around 100 total events, while the other channels are as yet unexplored. In this work, we compute the trident production cross section by performing a complete four-body phase space calculation for different hadronic targets. This provides a correct estimate both of the coherent and the diffractive contributions to these cross sections, but also allows us to address certain inconsistencies in the literature related to the use of the Equivalent Photon Approximation in this context. We show that this approximation can give a reasonable estimate only for the production of dimuon final-states in coherent scattering, being inadmissible for all other cases considered. We provide estimates of the number and distribution of trident events at several current and future near detector facilities subjected to intense neutrino beams from accelerators: five liquid-argon detectors (SBND, BooNE, ICARUS, DUNE and STORM), the iron detector of T2K (INGRID) and three detectors made of composite material (MINOS, NOA and MINERA). We find that for many experiments, trident measurements are an attainable goal and a valuable addition to their near detector physics programme.
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris Ile-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP through Grant AF-13, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019), Grisolia (ref. GRISOLIA/2018/119) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034,/2019/043,/2020/049) programs, Junta de Andalucia (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18), La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain. ; KM3NeT/ORCA is a next-generation neutrino telescope optimised for atmospheric neutrino oscillations studies. In this paper, the sensitivity of ORCA to the presence of a light sterile neutrino in a 3+1 model is presented. After three years of data taking, ORCA will be able to probe the active-sterile mixing angles theta(14), theta(24), theta(34) and the effective angle theta(mu e), over a broad range of mass squared difference Delta m(41)(2) similar to [10(-5), 10] eV(2), allowing to test the eV-mass sterile neutrino hypothesis as the origin of short baseline anomalies, as well as probing the hypothesis of a very light sterile neutrino, not yet constrained by cosmology. ORCA will be able to explore a relevant fraction of the parameter space not yet reached by present measurements. ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; European Commission ANR-15-CE31-0020 ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund) ; Commission Europeenne (Marie Curie Program) ; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) ; LabEx UnivEarthS ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001 ; Paris Ile-de-France Region, France ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), Georgia FR-18-1268 ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) ; PRIN 2017 program, Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S ; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training ; ICTP, Morocco AF-13 ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ; Netherlands Government ; National Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758 ; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-A-C42 PGC2018-096663-B-C43 PGC2018-096663-B-C44 ; Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO/2020/019 ; Grisolia program GRISOLIA/2018/119 ; GenT program CIDEGENT/2018/034 CIDEGENT/2019/043 CIDEGENT/2020/049 ; Junta de Andalucia A-FQM-053-UGR18 ; La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019 ; EU: MSC program, Spain 101025085
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP through Grant AF-13, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana: Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019), Grisolia (ref. GRISOLIA/2018/119) and GenT (refs. CIDEGENT/2018/034,/2019/043,/2020/049) programs, Junta de Andalucia (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18), La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain. ; This article presents the potential of a combined analysis of the JUNO and KM3NeT/ORCA experiments to determine the neutrino mass ordering. This combination is particularly interesting as it significantly boosts the potential of either detector, beyond simply adding their neutrino mass ordering sensitivities, by removing a degeneracy in the determination of Delta M-31(2) between the two experiments when assuming the wrong ordering. The study is based on the latest projected performances for JUNO, and on simulation tools using a full Monte Carlo approach to the KM3NeT/ORCA response with a careful assessment of its energy systematics. From this analysis, a 5 sigma determination of the neutrino mass ordering is expected after 6 years of joint data taking for any value of the oscillation parameters. This sensitivity would be achieved after only 2 years of joint data taking assuming the current global best-fit values for those parameters for normal ordering. ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ; European Commission ANR-15-CE31-0020 ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund) Commission Europeenne (Marie Curie Program) ; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) ; LabEx UnivEarthS ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001 ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), Georgia FR18-1268 ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S ; Ministry of Higher Education Scientific Research and Professional Training, ICTP, Morocco AF-13 ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; National Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758 ; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (MCIU/FEDER) PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-A-C42 PGC2018-096663-B-C43 PGC2018-096663-B-C44 ; Generalitat Valenciana ; European Commission ; General Electric PROMETEO/2020/019 GRISOLIA/2018/119 CIDEGENT/2018/034 CIDEGENT/2019/043 CIDEGENT/2020/049 ; Junta de Andalucia A-FQM-053-UGR18 ; La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019 ; EU: MSC program, Spain 101025085
This document was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This work was supported by CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG and FAPESP, Brazil; CFI, IPP and NSERC, Canada; CERN; MŠMT, Czech Repub lic; ERDF, H2020-EU and MSCA, European Union; CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA, France; INFN, Italy; FCT, Portugal; NRF, South Korea; CAM, Fundación "La Caixa", Junta de Andalucía FEDER, and MICINN, Spain; SERI and SNSF, Switzerland; TÜBİTAK, Turkey; The Royal Society and UKRI/STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. We are grateful to Xerxes Tata for useful discussions. C. Rott acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of Korea. ; The observation of 236 MeV muon neutrinos from kaon-decay-at-rest (KDAR) originating in the core of the Sun would provide a unique signature of dark matter annihilation. Since excellent angle and energy reconstruction are necessary to detect this monoenergetic, directional neutrino flux, DUNE with its vast volume and reconstruction capabilities, is a promising candidate for a KDAR neutrino search. In this work, we evaluate the proposed KDAR neutrino search strategies by realistically modeling both neutrino-nucleus interactions and the response of DUNE. We find that, although reconstruction of the neutrino energy and direction is difficult with current techniques in the relevant energy range, the superb energy resolution, angular resolution, and particle identification offered by DUNE can still permit great signal/background discrimination. Moreover, there are non-standard scenarios in which searches at DUNE for KDAR in the Sun can probe dark matter interactions. ; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. ; CNPq ; CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPEG y FAPESP, Brasil ; CFI, IPP y NSERC, Canadá ; CERN ; MŠMT, República Checa ; FEDER ; H2020-UE ; MSCA, Unión Europea ; CNRS/IN2P3 y CEA, Francia ; INFN, Italia ; FCT, Portugal ; NRF, Corea del Sur ; CAM, Fundación "La Caixa" ; Junta de Andalucía FEDER, y MICINN, España ; SERI y SNSF, Suiza ; TübİTAK, Turquía ; La Real Sociedad y UKRI/STFC, Reino Unido ; DOE y NSF, Estados Unidos de América
We explore the possibility that dark matter interactions with Standard Model particles are dominated by interactions with neutrinos. We examine whether it is possible to construct such a scenario in a gauge invariant manner. We first study the coupling of dark matter to the full lepton doublet and confirm that this generally leads to the dark matter phenomenology being dominated by interactions with charged leptons. We then explore two different implementations of the neutrino portal in which neutrinos mix with a Standard Model singlet fermion that interacts directly with dark matter through either a scalar or vector mediator. In the latter cases we find that the neutrino interactions can dominate the dark matter phenomenology. Present neutrino detectors can probe dark matter annihilations into neutrinos and already set the strongest constraints on these realisations. Future experiments such as Hyper-Kamiokande, MEMPHYS, DUNE, or DARWIN could allow to probe dark matter-neutrino cross sections down to the value required to obtain the correct thermal relic abundance ; This work is supported in part by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie SklodowskaCurie Grant agreements 674896-Elusives, 690575-InvisiblesPlus, and 777419-ESSnuSB, as well as by the COST Action CA15139 EuroNuNet. MB, EFM, and SR acknowledge support from the "Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación" (AEI) and the EU "Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional" (FEDER) through the project FPA2016-78645-P; and the Spanish MINECO through the "Ramón y Cajal" programme and through the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program under Grant SEV-2016-0597. MB also acknowledges support from the Göran Gustafsson foundation. SP and AOD are also (partially) supported by the European Research Council under ERC Grant "NuMass" (FP7- IDEAS-ERC ERC-CG 617143). SP would like to acknowledge partial support from the Wolfson Foundation and the Royal Society.
The multi-messenger observation of the next galactic core-collapse supernova will shed light on the different physical processes involved in these energetic explosions. Good timing and pointing capabilities of neutrino detectors would help in the search for an electromagnetic or gravitational-wave counterparts. An approach for the determination of the arrival time delay of the neutrino signal at different experiments using a direct detected neutrino light-curve matching is discussed. A simplified supernova model and detector simulation are used for its application. The arrival time delay and its uncertainty between two neutrino detectors are estimated with chi-square and cross-correlation methods. The direct comparison of the detected light-curves offers the advantage to be model-independent. Millisecond time resolution on the arrival time delay at two different detectors is needed. Using the computed time delay between different combinations of currently operational and future detectors, a triangulation method is used to infer the supernova localisation in the sky. The combination of IceCube, Hyper-Kamiokande, JUNO and KM3NeT/ARCA provides a 90% confidence area of 140±20deg2. These low-latency analysis methods can be implemented in the SNEWS alert system. ; The authors would like to thank Alec Habig and Vedran Brdar for the fruitful discussion at the Orsay workshop on the supernova detection and the further support, Kate Scholberg from the SNEWS project, Lutz Köpke, Erin O'Sullivan and Segev BenZvi from the IceCube Collaboration and the KM3NeT Collaboration for the interest in this activity. This project is financially supported by the LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 739560.
11 pages, 11 figures.-- ISI article identifier:000267776100008 .-- ArXiv pre-print avaible at: http://arxiv.org/abs/0904.0796 ; Neutrino radiography may provide an alternative tool to study the very deep structures of the Earth. Though these measurements are unable to resolve the fine density layer features, nevertheless the information which can be obtained are independent and complementary to the more conventional seismic studies. The aim of this paper is to assess how well the core and mantle averaged densities can be reconstructed through atmospheric neutrino radiography. We find that about a 2% sensitivity for the mantle and 5% for the core could be achieved for a ten year data taking at an underwater km(3) Neutrino Telescope. This result does not take into account systematics related to the details of the experimental apparatus. ; This work is supported by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare I.S. Fa51, the PRIN 2006 "Fisica Astroparticellare: Neutrini ed Universo Primordiale" of the Italian Minis- tero dell'Istruzione, Universit`a e Ricerca, the Spanish MICINN (grants SAB2006-0171 and FPA2008-00319), by a MICINN-INFN agreement, and by the European Union under the ILIAS project (Contract No. RII3-CT-2004-506222).
The MicroBooNE detector utilizes a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) with an 85 t active mass to study neutrino interactions along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. With a deployment location near ground level, the detector records many cosmic muon tracks in each beam-related detector trigger that can be misidentified as signals of interest. To reduce these cosmogenic backgrounds, we have designed and constructed a TPC-external Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT). This sub-system was developed by the Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein center for fundamental physics, University of Bern. The system utilizes plastic scintillation modules to provide precise time and position information for TPC-traversing particles. Successful matching of TPC tracks and CRT data will allow us to reduce cosmogenic background and better characterize the light collection system and LArTPC data using cosmic muons. In this paper we describe the design and installation of the MicroBooNE CRT system and provide an overview of a series of tests done to verify the proper operation of the system and its components during installation, commissioning, and physics data-taking. ; Public domain authored by a U.S. government employee
The KM3NeT Collaboration runs a multi-site neutrino observatory in the Mediterranean Sea. Water Cherenkov particle detectors, deep in the sea and far off the coasts of France and Italy, are already taking data while incremental construction progresses. Data Acquisition Control software is operating off-shore detectors as well as testing and qualification stations for their components. The software, named Control Unit, is highly modular. It can undergo upgrades and reconfiguration with the acquisition running. Interplay with the central database of the Collaboration is obtained in a way that allows for data taking even if Internet links fail. In order to simplify the management of computing resources in the long term, and to cope with possible hardware failures of one or more computers, the KM3NeT Control Unit software features a custom dynamic resource provisioning and failover technology, which is especially important for ensuring continuity in case of rare transient events in multi-messenger ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-15-CE31-0020 ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) ; Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund) ; European Union (EU) ; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France ; IdEx program ; Univearths Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cite, France ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-11-IDEX-000502 ; Paris Ile-de-France Region, France ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG), Georgia FR-18-1268 ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), PRIN 2017 program Italy NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S ; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government ; National Science Center, Poland National Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758 ; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU), Spain ; Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (MCIU/FEDER) PGC2018-096663-B-C41 PGC2018-096663-A-C42 PGC2018-096663-B-C43 PGC2018-096663-BC44 ; Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence ; MultiDark Consolider (MCIU), Spain ; Junta de Andalucía ; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain: Grisolia GRISOLIA/2018/119 ; Generalitat Valenciana CIDEGENT/2018/034 ; La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019 ; EU: MSC program, Spain 713673
The T2K Collaboration reports evidence for electron neutrino appearance at the atmospheric mass splitting, vertical bar Delta m(32)(2)vertical bar approximate to 2.4 X 10(-3) eV(2). An excess of electron neutrino interactions over background is observed from a muon neutrino beam with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector 295 km from the beam's origin. Signal and background predictions are constrained by data from near detectors located 280 m from the neutrino production target. We observe 11 electron neutrino candidate events at the SK detector when a background of 3.3 +/- 0.4(syst) events is expected. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a p value of 0.0009 (3.1 sigma), and a fit assuming nu(mu) -> nu(e) oscillations with sin (2)2 theta(23) = 1, delta(CP) = 0 and vertical bar Delta m(32)(2)vertical bar = 2.4 X 10(-3) eV(2) yields sin (2)2 theta(13) = 0.088(-0.039)(+0.049)(stat + syst). ; We thank the J-PARC accelerator team for the superb accelerator performance and CERN NA61 colleagues for providing essential particle production data and for their fruitful collaboration. We acknowledge the support of MEXT, Japan; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CEA and CNRS/IN2P3, France; DFG, Germany; INFN, Italy; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; RAS, RFBR and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; MEST and NRF, South Korea; MICINN and CPAN, Spain; SNSF and SER, Switzerland; STFC, U.K.; NSF and DOE, USA We also thank CERN for their donation of the UA1/NOMAD magnet and DESY for the HERA-B magnet mover system. In addition, participation of individual researchers and institutions in T2K has been further supported by funds from ERC (FP7), EU; JSPS, Japan; Royal Society, UK; DOE Early Career program, and the A. P. Sloan Foundation, USA Computations were performed on the supercomputers at the SciNet [115] HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada; the Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. ; Peer reviewed
The next generation of very-short-baseline reactor experiments will require compact detectors operating at surface level and close to a nuclear reactor. This paper presents a new detector concept based on a composite solid scintillator technology. The detector target uses cubes of polyvinyltoluene interleaved with (LiF)-Li-6:ZnS(Ag) phosphor screens to detect the products of the inverse beta decay reaction. A multi-tonne detector system built from these individual cells can provide precise localisation of scintillation signals, making efficient use of the detector volume. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that a neutron capture efficiency of over 70% is achievable with a sufficient number of 6LiF: ZnS( Ag) screens per cube and that an appropriate segmentation enables a measurement of the positron energy which is not limited by gamma-ray leakage. First measurements of a single cell indicate that a very good neutron-gamma discrimination and high neutron detection efficiency can be obtained with adequate triggering techniques. The light yield from positron signals has been measured, showing that an energy resolution of 14%/root E(MeV) is achievable with high uniformity. A preliminary neutrino signal analysis has been developed, using selection criteria for pulse shape, energy, time structure and energy spatial distribution and showing that an antineutrino efficiency of 40% can be achieved. It also shows that the fine segmentation of the detector can be used to significantly decrease both correlated and accidental backgrounds. ; Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant [ANR-16-CE31-0018-03]; Institut Carnot Mines, France; CNRS/IN2P3 et Region Pays de Loire, France; FWO-Vlaanderen, Belgium; Vlaamse Herculesstichting, Belgium; Science AMP; Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; FWO-Vlaanderen; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BelSpo) under the IUAP network programme; STFC Rutherford Fellowship program; European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon Programme (H-CoG) / ERC Grant [682474]; Merton College Oxford ; This work was supported by the following funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant ANR-16-CE31-0018-03, Institut Carnot Mines, CNRS/IN2P3 et Region Pays de Loire, France; FWO-Vlaanderen and the Vlaamse Herculesstichting, Belgium; The U.K. groups acknowledge the support of the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; We are grateful for the early support given by the sub-department of Particle Physics at Oxford and High Energy Physics at Imperial College London. We thank also our colleagues, the administrative and technical staffs of the SCK.CEN for their invaluable support for this project. Individuals have received support from the FWO-Vlaanderen and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BelSpo) under the IUAP network programme; The STFC Rutherford Fellowship program and the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020-CoG) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 682474 (corresponding author); Merton College Oxford.
The SoLid collaboration has developed a new detector technology to detect electron anti-neutrinos at close proximity to the Belgian BR2 reactor at surface level. A 288 kg prototype detector was deployed in 2015 and collected data during the operational period of the reactor and during reactor shut-down. Dedicated calibration campaigns were also performed with gamma and neutron sources. This paper describes the construction of the prototype detector with a high control on its proton content and the stability of its operation over a period of several months after deployment at the BR2 reactor site. All detector cells provide sufficient light yields to achieve a target energy resolution of better than 20%/root E(MeV). The capability of the detector to track muons is exploited to equalize the light response of a large number of channels to a precision of 3% and to demonstrate the stability of the energy scale over time. Particle identification based on pulse-shape discrimination is demonstrated with calibration sources. Despite a lower neutron detection efficiency due to triggering constraints, the main backgrounds at the reactor site were determined and taken into account in the shielding strategy for the main experiment. The results obtained with this prototype proved essential in the design optimization of the final detector. ; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France [ANR-16 - CE31 - 0018 - 03]; Institut Carnot Mines, France; CNRS/IN2P3 et Region Pays de Loire, France; FWO-Vlaanderen, Belgium; Vlaamse Herculesstichting, Belgium; Science AMP; Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BelSpo) under the IUAP network programme; STFC Rutherford Fellowship program; European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon Programme (H-CoG)/ERC Grant [682474]; Merton College Oxford; FWO-Vlaanderen ; This work was supported by the following funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant ANR-16 - CE31 - 0018 - 03, Institut Carnot Mines, CNRS/IN2P3 et Region Pays de Loire, France; FWO-Vlaanderen and the Vlaamse Herculesstichting, Belgium; The U.K. groups acknowledge the support of the Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; We are grateful for the early support given by the sub-department of Particle Physics at Oxford and High Energy Physics at Imperial College London. We thank also our colleagues, the administrative and technical staffs of the SCK . CEN for their invaluable support for this project. Individuals have received support from the FWO-Vlaanderen and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BelSpo) under the IUAP network programme; The STFC Rutherford Fellowship program and the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020-CoG)/ERC Grant Agreement n. 682474 (corresponding author); Merton College Oxford.
The groups presently pursuing neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea, ANTARES, NEMO, and NESTOR, have formed the new KM3NeT consortium to study the construction of a cubic kilometre-scale neutrino telescope for the Northern hemisphere. This challenging project will require the installation of thousands of photon detectors with their related electronics and calibration systems several kilometres below the sea level. The realization of this project will provide the scientific community with a very powerful instrument to study many astrophysical objects, including supernova explosions, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts and possibly also dark matter. Numerous instruments of different types (photon detectors, hydrophones, compasses, tilt-meters, etc.) will be connected through electro-optical cables to form a very large network of sensors operating in a difficult environment. The construction of this detector will require the solution of technological problems common to many deep submarine installations, and will help pave the way for other deep-sea research facilities. In April 2008 the KM3NeT consortium has reached the important milestone of the publication of the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) for the KM3NeT telescope. The European Union - funded 3 year Design Study phase has now passed its mid-way point and will culminate in 2009 with the writing of the KM3NeT Technical Design Report (TDR), detailing the most promising technologies and the expected physics performance of the future detector. Concurrent with the publication of the CDR an EU funded Preparatory Phase began which will lead to the telescope construction. Aspects of the KM3NeT project related to deep-sea infrastructure, deployment and operation are reviewed in this report. ; This work is supported through the EU-funded FP6 KM3NeT Design Study Contract No. 011937. The author acknowledges the financial support from CSIC, JAE-Doc research grant.
The authors acknowledge the financial support of the funding agencies: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract ANR-15-CE31-0020), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Paris Ile-de-France Region, France; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (SRNSFG, FR-18-1268), Georgia; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; The General Secretariat of Research and Technology (GSRT), Greece; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MUR), PRIN 2017 program (Grant NAT-NET 2017W4HA7S) Italy; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco; Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands; The National Science Centre, Poland (2015/18/E/ST2/00758); National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades (MCIU): Programa Estatal de Generacion de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018-096663-B-C41, -A-C42, -B-C43, -B-C44) (MCIU/FEDER), Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence and MultiDark Consolider (MCIU), Junta de Andalucia (ref. SOMM17/6104/UGR), Generalitat Valenciana: Grisolia (ref. GRISOLIA/2018/119) and GenT (ref. CIDEGENT/2018/034) programs, La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), EU: MSC program (ref. 713673), Spain. ; The KM3NeT research infrastructure is currently under construction at two locations in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ORCA water-Cherenkov neutrino detector off the French coast will instrument several megatons of seawater with photosensors. Its main objective is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. This work aims at demonstrating the general applicability of deep convolutional neural networks to neutrino telescopes, using simulated datasets for the KM3NeT/ORCA detector as an example. To this end, the networks are employed to achieve reconstruction and classification tasks that constitute an alternative to the analysis pipeline presented for KM3NeT/ORCA in the KM3NeT Letter of Intent. They are used to infer event reconstruction estimates for the energy, the direction, and the interaction point of incident neutrinos. The spatial distribution of Cherenkov light generated by charged particles induced in neutrino interactions is classified as shower- or track-like, and the main background processes associated with the detection of atmospheric neutrinos are recognized. Performance comparisons to machine-learning classification and maximum-likelihood reconstruction algorithms previously developed for KM3NeT/ORCA are provided. It is shown that this application of deep convolutional neural networks to simulated datasets for a large-volume neutrino telescope yields competitive reconstruction results and performance improvements with respect to classical approaches. ; French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-15-CE31-0020 ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission Europeenne (FEDER fund) ; European Union (EU) ; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) ; LabEx UnivEarthS ANR-10-LABX-0023 ANR-18-IDEX-0001 ; Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia FR-18-1268 ; German Research Foundation (DFG) ; Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT ; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) ; Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR) Research Projects of National Relevance (PRIN) ; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training, Morocco ; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) ; National Science Centre, Poland 2015/18/E/ST2/00758 ; National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS), Romania ; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion, Investigacion y Universidades PGC2018-096663-B-C41 A-C42 B-C43 B-C44 ; Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence ; Junta de Andalucia SOMM17/6104/UGR ; Generalitat Valenciana: Grisolia GRISOLIA/2018/119 CIDEGENT/2018/034 ; La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019 ; EU: MSC program 713673
