A discussion of the history & characteristics of the Canadian Negro pop. According to census reports there was a decrease in the Canadian Negro pop from 22,000 in 1941, to 18,000 in 1951. 6 'classes' of Negroes can be distinguished in Montreal: (1) 'avowed' Negroes residing in a run-down area known as the 'Negro district' though the pop is predominantly white; (2) new arrivals from the Carribean Islands; (3) an indeterminate number of non-confessing Negroes scattered through various districts; (4) foreign S's; (5) avowed Negroes in satisfactory econ strata outside the Negro district; & (6) amateur & professional athletes imported from the US by entrepeneurs. Descriptions of several PO attitude surveys re discriminatory real estate racial att's are given, & several historical case histories illustrating the SE assimilation of Negroes in Canadian history are presented. G. Jacobs.
The article seeks to demonstrate that the changing and diverse ideas of "freedom" allow us to see and contrast the historical change in the social representation of (referred as) "black" people. First, we start with the analysis of the differentiation that existed in the 15th and 16th centuries between the black and Ethiopian voices that were not synonymous, and whose differentiation and historical change invites us to look more carefully at the social images of the Spanish Golden Age, and establish contrasts with the American Baroque. Then we analyze the enlightened and romantic representations constructed throughout the 18th century, that injected the factor of "passions" and the absence / presence of "spirit" into the ideas of humanization / dehumanization of "blacks"; the existence of people with overflowing passions and spiritual poverty would lead to the emergence of new legitimizing factors to exercise government, control, and enslavement. Next, it will be suggested that the development of natural history, zoology, anatomy, and human and animal physiology converged with the postcolonial transition, leading to the construction of an image of the "black" increasingly related to the manumission, but also with the re-presentation of a neo-savage black, and with the role that this same outburst would have in the colonial wars in America and in the liberation of the new nations. The political liberation is inseparable from corporal, spiritual, and passionate liberation, and in this way the autonomous government of the body and the spirit would affect the construction of a national project that tended to see an exuberant, animalistic and neo-savage (black) body. Through this long-term historical panorama, we want to demonstrate that the image of "the black" has been a stage of "struggles of representation" where new meanings, uses, and functions of "the black" were constantly released and captivated, and that at the same time they were (are they?) generating new ideas on how to liberate and captivate that Other –said- black whose freedom has been (from various, diverse, hegemonic, and contradictory points of view) historically questioned. ; El texto busca demostrar que las ideas cambiantes y diversas de libertad permiten ver y contrastar el cambio histórico de la representación social de la gente denominada "negra". Como primera medida se analiza la diferenciación que existió en los siglos xv y xvi de las voces negro y etíope, que no sinónimos, y cuya diferenciación y cambio histórico nos invita a mirar con más atención las imágenes sociales del siglo de oro español y a establecer contrastes con el barroco americano. Después se analizan las representaciones, ilustradas y románticas, construidas durante el siglo xviii que inyectaron el factor de las "pasiones" y de la ausencia/presencia de "espíritu" en las ideas de humanización/deshumanización de "los negros"; la existencia de gentes de pasiones desbordantes y de pobreza espiritual conllevaría a la emergencia de nuevos factores de legitimación para ejercer gobierno, control y esclavización. A continuación, el texto sugiere que el desarrollo de la historia natural, la zoología, la anatomía y las fisiologías humana y animal, convergieron con el tránsito postcolonial, llevando a la construcción de una imagen del "negro" cada vez más relacionada con la manumisión; pero también con la representación de un negro neo-salvaje, y el papel que ese exabrupto habría de tener en las guerras coloniales en América y en la propia liberación de las nuevas naciones. La liberación política es inseparable de la liberación corporal, espiritual y pasional, y de esta manera el gobierno autónomo del cuerpo y del espíritu iría afectando la construcción de un proyecto nacional que tendía a ver un cuerpo (negro) exuberante, animalesco y neosalvaje. A través de este panorama histórico de larga duración quiere demostrarse que la imagen de "el negro" ha sido un escenario de luchas de representación en las cuales constantemente se liberaban y cautivaban nuevos significados, usos y funciones de "el negro", que a su vez iban (¿van?) generando nuevas ideas del cómo liberar y cautivizar a ese otro negro cuya libertad ha sido —desde varios, diversos, hegemónicos y contradictorios puntos de vista— históricamente puesta en duda. ; O texto procura demonstrar que a comutação e a diversidade das ideias de liberdade permitem ver e contrastar a mudança histórica na representação social das pessoas referidas como "negras". Em primeiro lugar, analisa-se a diferenciação que existiu nos séculos xv e xvi entre as vozes negras e etíopes, que não eram sinônimos, e cuja diferenciação e mudança histórica nos convida olhar de perto para as imagens sociais da Idade de Ouro espanhola, e estabelecer contrastes com o barroco americano. Segue-se uma análise das representações construídas ao longo do século xviii, ilustradas e românticas, que injetaram o fator "paixões" e a ausência/presença de "espírito" nas ideias de humanização/desumanização dos "negros"; a existência de pessoas com paixões desbordadas e pobreza espiritual levaria à emergência de novos fatores de legitimidade para exercer governo, controlo e escravização. A seguir, sugere-se que o desenvolvimento da história natural, da zoologia, da anatomia e das fisiologias humana e animal, convergiram com o trânsito pós-colonial, levando à construção de uma imagem do "negro" cada vez mais relacionada com a alforria, mas também à representação de um negro neo-selvagem, e ao papel que esse mesmo exabrupto teria nas guerras coloniais na América e na própria libertação das novas nações. A libertação política é inseparável da libertação corporal, espiritual e apaixonada, e desta forma o governo autónomo do corpo e do espírito afetou a construção de um projeto nacional que tendia a ver um corpo exuberante, animalesco, e neo-selvagem (negro). Através deste panorama histórico de longo prazo, quer-se mostrar que a imagem do "negro" tem sido um cenário de lutas de representação em que novos significados, usos e funções do "negro" eram constantemente libertados e cativados, e que, por sua vez, geravam (agora também?), novas ideias de como libertar e cativar aquele outro "negro" cuja liberdade tem sido historicamente questionada desde pontos de vista diversos, hegemônicos e contraditórios.
Neste artigo, identidicamos uma invisibilidade acerca da vasta produção do marxismo negro. Nosso objetivo com este trabalho é introduzir o tema e chamar a atenção para um problema sério: como o desconhecimento dessa tradição permite que ideias já trabalhadas e desenvolvidas por marxistas negros nos apareçam como novidades. Ocultar as origens negras das teorias críticas apenas serve para reproduzir o racismo epistêmico que estabelece o pensamento negro como inferior e o pensamento branco como superior.
In: The journal of negro education: JNE ;a Howard University quarterly review of issues incident to the education of black people, Band 40, Heft 2, S. 177
In: The journal of negro education: JNE ;a Howard University quarterly review of issues incident to the education of black people, Band 8, Heft 1, S. 74
The functions of indicators to measure fullness of participation of minorities in American society can best be understood by relating them to strategic junctures in the socioeconomic life cycle. Data for Negroes, in particular, reveal the operation of two types of handicaps—those common to all members of the society subject to disadvantages of back ground or misfortune, and those specific to minority status. To distinguish between them, and thus to measure progress in reducing discrimination, requires not only comprehensive time series but also methods and models suited to the analysis of causal sequences. Despite the growing fund of valuable indi cators of the status of "nonwhite" Americans, a number of statistical hazards must be circumvented before reliable infer ences and realistic recommendations become possible. In reaching interpretations in this field, social science should operate as a "third force," complementing the work of policy- makers and program-administrators, on the one hand, and civic action groups on the other. Present knowledge is inadequate to the task of formulating specific proposals for redirecting trends. It could rapidly become more nearly adequate with the availability of sufficient resources for research, full co- operation of official statistical agencies, freedom to investigate so-called sensitive problems, and concerted attempts to im prove analytical and interpretive models. For the moment, we can only be sure that formidable obstacles remain in the way of achieving freedom from discrimination.