Suchergebnisse

'Institutionelle und rechtliche Veränderungen im Rahmen der Europäischen Union bilden den 'europäischen Kontext' nationaler Politik. Vor dem Hintergrund der Europäisierungsdebatte untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag, inwiefern dieser Kontext zu Veränderungen in der politischen Programmatik und/oder im organisatorischen Aufbau nationaler politischer Parteien führt. Studien zur Europäisierung politischer Parteien sind bislang nicht ausreichend mit allgemeinen Theorien zum Wandel politischer Parteien in Verbindung gebracht worden. Der Beitrag zieht daher solche Theorien heran, um die Europäisierung politischer Parteien theoretisch zu fassen. Er entwirft ein theoretisches Modell, das erklärt, wie politische Parteien auf die institutionellen und rechtlichen Herausforderungen der europäischen Integration reagieren. Das Modell unterscheidet verschiedene Ebenen der Europäisierung politischer Parteien (Bewusstsein und Handlung) und hebt die Bedeutung innerparteilicher Machtbeziehungen sowie unterschiedliche Arten von Parteizielsetzungen als vermittelnde Faktoren hervor.' (Autorenreferat)

Abstract There is a growing interest in the research community in the local governance of migration and integration. Studies indicate a local turn in integration policies, with local governments becoming important integration policy actors. Unlike most research, this study of recent developments in the policies for migrant newcomers in Denmark and Sweden observes a national turn in local integration policy. Despite their different integration policies, the central governments of both countries have increased their control and influence at the local level and thereby made it more difficult for local governments to formulate their own integration policies. This study highlights the need to complement earlier research based on frame analysis with an analytical framework that takes central government steering and the uneven power relationship between the levels of government into account.

The success of a nation-state depends both on its military force & the development of social citizenship. It may be argued that, since WWII, a developed nation-state in Europe is indicative of a developed welfare state. However, there are various national welfare-state models, three of which are outlined: universal, liberal, & corporatist. The distinction is not drawn on the basis of expenditure, but rather, taking into account the share of public & private institutions in the provision of welfare & the extension of social rights to varous groups & classes. The question is addressed of whether the rapid integration process now underway in Europe will lead to the death of nation-states & the integration of national models. Some fear the unification of welfare-state models toward the liberal type, but another possible development is the "corporisation" of welfare-state models, ie, a shift toward the corporatist model, with an emphasis on status differentials in social security. The universal model of the Nordic welfare states is likely to move in this direction, too. These tendencies are not based on European Community social legislation, but on the broader social consequences of economic integration & tax harmonization. 22 References. AA

The concept of models of immigrant integration (e.g., French assimilation, Dutch and British multiculturalism) has had a vibrant career in comparative research on Western Europe, accounting for and explaining many national differences. This concept, however, is problematic because it suffers from normative and theoretical misconceptions. Through a comparison of France, Britain, and the Netherlands, this article discusses key problems affecting the use of national integration models in the literature and proposes ways to overcome them. It argues that models should not be considered as homogeneous and stable cultural entities—and even less as independent variables—but as complex structures of reference on the basis of which a multiplicity of conceptions of identity, equality, and inclusion are developed by a wide range of social agents in each national context.