Suchergebnisse

In the second half of the XIXth century, after the unification of Italy, researches and enquiries that had the objective of investigating links between malnutrition and disease were promoted in the city of Naples, the former Capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The philosophy underlying these scientific efforts, devoted to the benefit of the lower classes of the population, derived from the famous enquiry into the conditions of the Provinces of the Kingdom of Naples, promoted by the enlightened government of Joachim Murat in 1811. By necessity, the researchers had to address, with the methodological limits of the period, the complex interactions among social, environmental, medical, hygienic and physiologic factors, attempting to enucleate strategies of prevention and of active intervention. The works of Achille Spatuzzi, Luigi Somma, Errico De Renzi and Luigi Manfredi, demonstrated the persistence of poverty and malnutrition among the lower classes of the Neapolitan population and had the merit of being among the first in explicitly recognizing the association between inadequate dietary intake, relative to the needs of the organism, and major diseases, such as rickets, tuberculosis, and anemias.Keywords: History of epidemiology - Environmental malnutrition - Naples - XIX century

International audience ; The paper aims to study the beginning of the Neapolitan liberal revolution of 1820 and to consider the way in which the Constitution of Cadix (1812) was imitated and appropriated by insurgent officers attentive to the contemporary Spanish revolutionary pattern. The political writings of the Neapolitan liberals as well as the Bourbon police sources allow us to highlight the building of a consensus about the Spanish Constitution in the Two Sicilies. The recent sympathies towards Spain gave rise to a broad justifying literature insisting on the brotherhood between the two revolutions and explaining the imitation of a foreign revolution regarded as illegitimate by international observers. In the very first days of the revolution, several categories of stakeholders (officers, mayors, judges, priests) took care of imposing the Spanish pattern on the provinces. The Neapolitan public debate quickly showed the limits of such a consensus, questioning the possible adaptation of the Spanish text to local circumstances and comparing it to other contemporary political constitutions. ; L'article s'intéresse à la mise en place de la révolution libérale de 1820 à Naples et interroge les mécanismes d'imitation et d'appropriation de la constitution de Cadix de 1812, choisie par des militaires en insurrection attentifs au modèle insurrectionnel contemporain fourni par l'Espagne. En prenant essentiellement appui sur les écrits politiques produits par les libéraux napolitains et les sources policières bourboniennes, on se propose de montrer la construction d'un consensus autour du texte de Cadix dans le royaume des Deux-Siciles. Les sympathies hispanophiles qui se développent à Naples, nourries par des circulations d'hommes et d'idées, donnent lieu à une ample littérature de justification attentive aux relations de fraternité entre les deux révolutions, s'attachant à expliquer un phénomène d'imitation alors jugé illégitime par les observateurs contemporains. Dans les premiers jours de la révolution, plusieurs catégories d'acteurs à influence locale (militaires, notables, prêtres) se chargent d'imposer le modèle espagnol aux provinces. Mais le consensus connaît rapidement ses limites, le débat public napolitain portant sur l'adaptation du texte de Cadix et sa confrontation à d'autres constitutions contemporaines.