Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Preface -- 1 The Forsaken Promise of Space -- 2 The Launching of Space Law -- 3 Property Rights in Outer Space -- 4 Common Heritage in Magnificent Desolation: The Moon Agreement's Tragic Odyssey -- 5 Moon Myths: What the Moon Agreement Is Not -- 6 Return to the Moon: The Moon Agreement Reconsidered -- 7 Castles in the Air: The Space Settlement Prize -- 8 Celestial Empire: China's Rise as a Space Power -- 9 Interplanetary Political Economy -- 10 The Cosmic Tumblers -- Appendix 1 The International Cooperation Resolution -- Appendix 2 The Declaration of Legal Principles of Outer Space -- Appendix 3 The Outer Space Treaty -- Appendix 4 The Registration Convention -- Appendix 5 General Assembly Resolution 34/68 -- Appendix 6 The Moon Agreement -- Appendix 7 The COPUOS Understandings of the Moon Agreement -- Appendix 8 The ABA Section of Intl. Law Resolution on the Moon Agreement -- Appendix 9 The Declaration on International Cooperation -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- About the Author.

This book develops a new theory of territorialism and international legal status of territories. It (i) defines the concept of territory, explaining how territories are created; (ii) redefines the concept of statehood, illustrating that statehood (rather than the statehood criteria) is territorial legal status established in the formal sources of international law; and (iii) grounds non-state territorial entities in the sources of international law to explain their international legal status. This fresh new theoretical perspective has both scholarly and practical importance, providing a tool helping decision-makers and judges in the practical application of international law both internationally and domestically.

The author attempts to clarify some of the problems in examining Hong Kong's international status. He looks at three inter-related aspects in respect of the territory's international position: (1) conceptual questions concerning Hong Kong's status as a non-sovereign international actor in the context of international relations theory: (2) the nature of Hong Kong's involvement in international affairs and (3) the problems that Hong Kong encounters as a result of recent global and regional changes. (DÜI-Sen)

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Table of Cases -- Table of Treaties and Statutes -- Table of UN Documents -- 1. Introduction -- I. Introduction -- II. State of the Art -- III. Objectives of the Book -- IV. Methodology: Doctrinal Research with Interdisciplinary and Comparative Elements -- V. Structure -- 2. The Concept of Territory in International Law -- I. Introduction -- II. Territory as a Socially and Legally Bounded Spatial Area -- III. The Entanglement of Territory, Jurisdiction and Statehood -- IV. Regulating Consequences of Exercising Factual Jurisdiction without Legal Title -- V. The Anachronistic Concepts of Territorial Acquisition -- VI. Conclusion -- 3. Statehood as Legal Status -- I. Introduction -- II. Rethinking the Statehood Criteria -- III. The Emergence and Existence of States -- IV. Territorial Illegality as a Limitation on Legal Neutrality -- V. The Independence Referendums -- VI. Territorial Illegality and Statehood -- VII. Attempts at Altering the Territorial Status: Contrasting Scotland, Catalonia, Crimea and Eastern Ukraine -- VIII. Detaching Statehood from the Statehood Criteria -- IX. Conclusion -- 4. International Legal Capacity: States, Non-States and Territories -- I. Introduction -- II. International Legal Capacity and Subjects in the International Legal System -- III. Attribution and the Territorial Structure of International Law -- IV. Self-defence and Non-state Actors: Back to Territorialism -- V. The International Legal Capacity of Territorial Jurisdictional Units without Statehood -- VI. Conclusion -- 5. States Beyond Statehood -- I. Introduction -- II. The Member States and Non-member Observer States without Statehood -- III. The State Requirement in International Treaties: The Procedural Approach -- IV. States, Countries and Territorial Entities.

The essay discusses how Taipei's choices and efforts, Beijing's carrots and sticks and Washington's policy changes have affected Taiwan's international status. The author thinks that in the past three decades Taiwan has gained in terms of its economy but has substantially waned in terms of its international status. Taipei's "One China Policy" has not only tied its own hands but also the hands of the allies and friends. The significance of the "Taiwan Relations Act" of the USA for Taiwan. To the communist government in Beijing, regaining Taiwan is simply a matter of time. (DÜI-Sen)

Characterizing Hong Kong's international status can be a hazardous endeavour.As a British colony and not a sovereign state, the territory has not been seen asan independent actor on the international stage. Attempts to identify theterritory's status have been further complicated by the 1984 Sino-British agreementto transfer Hong Kong's sovereignty from Britain to China in 1997. WhenHong Kong becomes a Special Administrative Region (SAR) with a 'highdegree of autonomy' under Chinese sovereignty after 1997, it will continue to bea non-sovereign territorial entity in international terms. Nonetheless, under the'one country; two systems' formula it has been granted extensive authority andpower in its internal governance, and the scope of autonomy in its externalrelations as agreed upon between the British and Chinese governments isextensive.

Sicherheitspolitik angesichts der Proliferation von Massenvernichtungswaffen und der Implikationen des Zerfalls der Sowjetunion haben die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Wirkungen von Verteidigungsausgaben zum Mittelpunkt einer wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung werden lassen, die von widersprüchlichen Aussagen, Hypothesen und Schlußfolgerungen für die praktische Politik geprägt ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in der Untersuchung am Beispiel der Großmacht USA die Zusammenhänge von Verteidigungsausgaben, volkswirtschaftlichen Investitionen und dem Status einer Großmacht in der internationalen Politik dargestellt. Die vergleichende Sammlung bestehender Erklärungshypothesen, die den Verteidigungsausgaben besonderes Gewicht bei der Entstehung von - die wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit einer Großmacht negativ beeinflussenden - Investitionsdefiziten beimessen, ergibt ein äußerst heterogenes Bild. Zwar können steigende Verteidigungsausgaben, wie von Paul Kennedy postuliert, volkswirtschaftliche Investitionen verdrängen, wenn privater Konsum und ziviler Staatsverbrauch steigende Tendenz aufweisen. Es besteht jedoch kein fester Zusammenhang zwischen Verteidigungsausgaben einerseits und fallenden Investitionen, zurückgehender wirtschaftlicher Leistungsfähigkeit und internationalem Statusverlust andererseits. Vielmehr müssen parallel wirkende Faktoren von Statusveränderungen in die Erklärung aufgenommen werden: das Ausgabenverhalten und die Finanzierungsstruktur der öffentlichen Hände insgesamt; die Entstehung und Verbreitung von Verteilungskoalitionen in westlichen Demokratien; die säkulare Verdrängung investiver durch konsumtive Staatsausgaben; die ordnungspolitische Diskrepanz zwischen außenpolitischen Verpflichtungen und innenpolitischen Beanspruchungen moderner Großmächte; sowie die Ausgestaltung des Produktionspotentials als Ergebnis unterschiedlicher Faktorquantitäten und Faktorqualitäten.