Suchergebnisse

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Interiores e Reabilitação do Edificado apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre ; N/A

Shelter simply offers protection, safety, and known to be a basic human right and a core component of lawful recognized protection mandate. Regrettably, shelter has also been one of the most underfunded activities. In the meantime the launch of the several local and international campaigns few years ago, significant responses have been raised in support of shelter including awareness, media coverage, and financial assistance, Medical and healthcare and other services. Without any support from individuals and associations so liberally backed, conveying maintainable asylum provisions that prepare for the social incorporation and confidence of millions of outcasts would have been much really testing. Roughly half million Rohingya have come to Bangladesh from Myanmar since late August, getting away from what U.N. experts have revealed as an typical instance of ethnic purging. Myanmar's military dispatched exhaustive assaults on Rohingya towns in the country's Rakhine state after the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Armed force (ARSA) [1] a Rohingya assailant bunch-assaulted Myanmar's police [2]. Thousands of individuals keep on escaping their homes looking for assurance, showing up in distant line networks all throughout the planet or in rambling urban areas with restricted haven alternatives, frequently joining evacuee networks previously evacuated by before influxes of contention or mistreatment. Giving wide-going and feasible sheltering or sustainable housing to them is pressing.

p. 1521-1529 ; The world population is expanding exponentially, UN [13]; it is currently estimated that over 3 billion people now live in urban contexts; and this number is expected to swell to almost 5 billion by the year 2030. Many of these new urbanites are poor and live in slum environments. Warfare, loss of tribal lands, and the search for a better life, often driven by technology, is shifting human-kind from low-density indigenous rural settings to highdensity urban centers where new urbanites are often economically deprived and lack the basic essentials of life; food, water, sanitation and habitation, Kusa [9]. Modern society, in an era of dwindling fossil-fuel energy, is experiencing unprecedented pressure to adapt cities for accommodation of the impoverished with affordable sustainable habitation, Reuters[11]. Our recent research is focused on improved habitation for urban slum dwellers; we realize the complexity of the necessary political, legal, financial and infrastructure improvements that will be necessary pre-requisites to the realization of major urban design habitat projects. Encouragingly, world-wide, many non-profit organizations are making efforts to assist with this monumental problem of human habitation, often through financial donations or volunteer materials and labor for housing. Our research hypothesis is that technology, the "thing" often attributed as the culprit that has caused of much of the poverty and human deprivation in the modern world, can be part of the answer to global housing. We feel technology should, and will, be a major contributor to future resolutions to human inequality and affordable sustainable habitation in the 21st century. ; Barrow, L.; Alarayedh, S. (2010). Performance Pods - a shell spatial housing system. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/7152

Purpose – Housing completions in the UK have fallen to 125,000 annually, while government targets have risen to 300,000. This dramatic shortfall raises concerns as to whether current traditional construction approaches remain appropriate. This study, aims to compare the traditional approach with modular construction, with a view to assessing whether a shift in construction systems offers the potential to alleviate UKs domestic housing crisis. Methodological Approach - A comprehensive interpretivist review of the available relevant literature is undertaken on construction methods within the UK; advantages and disadvantages. A bibliometric analysis is conducted to extract trends and findings relevant to the comparison at hand. The database is Web of Science; the analysis software is VOS Viewer. Findings: The research illustrates that UK housing market is in a state of crisis. A toxic combination of a rising UK population combined falling rates of housing delivery has resulted in an ever-widening housing supply gap. The construction industry's capacity to meet this observed dearth in supply is further exacerbated by a number of chronic factors such as: falling participation in the construction sector workforce; lowering skills levels; reducing profitability; time to delivery pressures; and cost blow-outs. Originality – While much information on the various construction methods are available, including comparative material, this work is the first to assemble the various comparative parameters regarding traditional and modular UK residential construction in one place. Thus, this study provides a definitive assessment of the relative advantages and disadvantages of these forms of construction.

Advances in digital technology have inaugurated a &lsquo ; fourth industrial revolution&rsquo ; enabling, inter alia, the growth of &lsquo ; offsite&rsquo ; housing construction in advanced economies. This productive transformation seems to be opening up new opportunities for styles of living, ownership, place-making and manufacturing that are more sustainable, democratic and bespoke. However, the full potential of this transformation is not yet clear nor how it will interact with&mdash ; in the UK context&mdash ; ongoing crises in housing provision rooted in an increasingly financialised and critically unbalanced national economy, timid state housing policies and a longstanding cultural preoccupation with mortgaged &lsquo ; bricks and mortar&rsquo ; housing. In this paper, we report on an ongoing mixed method project interrogating the technological, environmental and social implications of the emergence of offsite housing construction in the UK. To a degree, we situate this interrogation in the Northern English region of Yorkshire, an emerging focal point of the growing offsite construction industry in the UK but an area afflicted by entrenched, post-industrial economic imbalances. The results show that offsite house engineers, designers and builders are innovatively embracing digital methods, a low carbon agenda and new approaches to place-making but that they have had little role, so far, in resolving the deeper structural problems affecting housing production in the UK, bringing the sustainability of their innovation into question.

AbstractThis article traces how the 'wet' market was integrated into the infrastructure of public housing estates in Hong Kong through modularization from 1969 to 1975. This includes how spatial modularization concepts extended into administration and management, incorporating responsibilities and categories of goods that ultimately reflected colonial ideas of health, food hygiene and social and spatial order. In doing so, this article theorizes how the modular market embodied the ways colonial government departments, architects and managers navigated notions of the materiality of 'wetness' in the market through its design in response to management and customer needs, but nevertheless how consumers found ways to re-narrate such spaces through maintaining 'wet' cultural exchanges and practices. Using government documents and photographs, this article combines a design historical approach to materiality with empirical evidence to expand on histories and practices of the 'wet market', bringing the everyday discourses of modernity in Hong Kong to the fore.

The advantages of using modular and offsite construction compared with the traditional construction methods are numerous due to its efficiency in delivering shorter schedules, lower cost, higher quality, and better safety. However, one of the biggest challenges facing the prefabrication industry today is the inherent difference between financing traditional construction and the upfront capital requirements for modular and offsite construction. Any solution for this problem should introduce better coordination among developers, banks, financial partners, lending institutions, manufacturers, and general contractors. Financing modular construction is challenging as banks are not familiar with the characteristics of this modern industry, and it is all about risk and return. Financing also helps in reducing risk for developers and allows them to undertake projects without having the upfront capital. However, few studies in literature focused on the financial modeling for modular and offsite construction. This paper is presenting a state-of-the art literature review for current practices concerning financial modeling for modular and offsite construction. This review discusses current challenges for financing this industry, as well as the introduced initiatives by governments to facilitate financing of modular and offsite construction. Conclusions are presented regarding the current practices for funding the prefabrication industry. Furthermore, recommendations are drawn for encouraging the development of prefabricated housing, and its ability in solving the current shortage of housing in different parts of the world.

Modular building is becoming a common sight due to government policies promoting greater automation and productivity. When moving towards modularity, indoor comfort within volumetric modules, such as levels of humidity and temperature, natural ventilation, and air pollutant transport, have a major effect on human health and well-being. Computational fluid dynamics simulations (CFD) are used to evaluate the efficiency of natural ventilation. However, designers usually find it difficult to visualize the CFD simulation results, which can deepen users' understanding of the wind environment and help optimize the design of modular buildings. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents an integrated approach based on building information modeling (BIM) and virtual reality (VR), with the aim of analyzing the aerodynamic design and wind comfort for modular buildings. The framework consists of four salient components. First, a new method, combining OpenStreetMap and Dynamo, is proposed to achieve rapid urban modeling of modular buildings. The second step involves the use of CFD to simulate the outdoor wind environment surrounding modular buildings. The third step emphasizes the integration of CFD-computed data with VR applications to create an immersive virtual environment for designers to analyze the wind environment of design alternates. Finally, the visual experience of non-professional users is used to improve the ventilation of the building and support more informed decision marking at the early stage of building design. The proposed framework is illustrated via a case study that focuses on a group of modular housings in the urban area of Singapore. The results indicate that visualization of CFD simulations in VR provides designers with more details regarding the actual space, and it is expected to help optimize the architectural design.

A large-scale energy renovation intervention in existing buildings has been consistently presented as the most significant opportunity to contribute to achieving the European targets for 2030 and 2050. One of the key points for such achievement is the cost-effectiveness of the interventions proposed, which is also closely related to decent housing affordability. Prefabricated modular solutions have been pointed out as a pathway, but there are knowledge gaps regarding both its cost-effectiveness and its environmental performance. Considering a social housing multi-family building in Porto, Portugal, as a case study, this research employs energy simulations, a cost-optimal methodology and a life cycle analysis approach to assess the influence of considering embodied energy and emissions in cost-effectiveness calculations. In general terms, the hierarchical relation between calculated renovation scenarios remain identical, as well as the choice of the cost-optimal combination, which can reduce primary energy needs by 226 kWh/(y.m 2 ). However, embodied carbon emissions and embodied energy of the materials used in the calculations, which are indicative of the sustainability of such interventions, increase the energy and carbon emissions associated to each renovation package by an average of 43 kWh/(y.m 2 ) and 9.3 kgCO 2eq /(y.m 2 ), respectively. ; This research was funded by European Union's H2020 framework programme for research and innovation project "Development and advanced prefabrication of innovative, multifunctional building envelope elements for MOdular REtrofitting and CONNECTions" under grant agreement no ...

Housing units of around 20 million need to be constructed in India by 2022. One key challenge for government and industry is high demand for sustainable and affordable housing. This paper introduces the results of an industry focus group meeting with Indian Concrete Institute (ICI) and industrial associates, regarding needs for housing construction, novel products design and service life increase. Results show that present design methods for buildings and structures in India need improvement, from a whole life energy use perspective at a material and system level, service life improvement and real monitoring of buildings and structures. More than 50% of respondents are not happy with the existing buildings design codes as they do not help on energy use minimisation. Materials inefficiency in design, disconnection with real operational use and lack of durability tend to increase with high construction speed. It is highlighted that many of the technologies are not proven in local environments which is inhibiting their use, including reusing of blended ashes from agro-industry waste. Almost 240 million tonnes of CO2eq are emitted per year by Indian agricultural industry, which justify their re-use. Precast components are highlighted as a suitable solution in modular housing construction.