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For many researchers, writing the research report is among the most difficult steps. When writing about a mixed methods research study, researchers have had little guidance for how to structure the manuscript. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present multiple approaches to reporting information from a mixed research study. Recommendations for mixed research writing from the extant literature are delineated, and 12 themes that were identified across these texts are presented. The multitude of approaches and organizational possibilities for the mixed research report are explored. Emphasis is placed on allowing the researcher to be creative in her or his presentation of a mixed methods research report.

Abstract
Research students usually encounter great difficulties in setting up a viable research project mainly because, on the one hand they lack familiarity with the philosophical underpinnings of major paradigms used in educational research: quantitative, qualitative or mixed, and on the other hand , they do not associate the corresponding research types with these paradigms : experimental, non experimental for the former, and interactive or non interactive for the second and the for the latter whether it is explanatory or exploratory, in addition to the importance of triangulation in any research study . These paradigms determine not only the formulation of the problem chosen for research and the associated research questions or hypothesis but also and more importantly, the sampling procedure as well as the selection of the appropriate research tools and the way the collected data is analysed and discussed. This survey of the major paradigms in educational research and their implications for the design of any research study will hopefully provide them with the necessary guidance to approach their research project with more confidence et more efficiency.

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the applied research methods that have been used to examine smart specialisation. For this review, papers from various sources were collected and reviewed multiple times. The findings show that only a few papers applied mixed research methods. Primarily, there are more qualitative than quantitative methods used among papers concerning smart specialisation. More efforts to use mixed methods in smart specialisation could yield findings that are applicable to knowledge-based policymaking. To further illuminate the research discipline of smart specialisation, applying advanced, quantitative research techniques would enrich future efforts of all quadruple helix stakeholders engaged in smart specialisation. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 710659, ONLINE-S3. This article reflects only the author's view. Neither the Research Executive Agency nor the European Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

BACKGROUND: Precision medicine development is driven by the possibilities of next generation sequencing, information technology and artificial intelligence and thus, raises a number of ethical questions. Empirical studies have investigated such issues from the perspectives of health care professionals, researchers and patients. We synthesize the results from these studies in this review. METHODS: We used a systematic strategy to search, screen and assess the literature for eligibility related to our research question. The initial search for empirical studies in five data bases provided 665 different records and we selected 92 of these publications for inclusion in this review. Data were extracted in a spreadsheet and categorized into different topics representing the views on ethical issues in precision medicine. RESULTS: Many patients and professionals expect high benefits from precision medicine and have a positive attitude towards it. However, patients and professionals also perceive some risks. Commonly perceived risks include: lack of evidence for accuracy of tests and efficacy of treatments; limited knowledge of patients, which makes informed consent more difficult; possible unavailability of access to precision medicine for underprivileged people and ethnic minorities; misuse of data by insurance companies and employers, potential of racial stigmatization due to genetic information; unwanted communication of incidental findings; changes in doctor-patient-relationship through focusing on data; and the problem that patients could feel under pressure to optimize their health. CONCLUSIONS: National legislation and guidelines already minimize many risks associated with precision medicine. However, from our perspective some problems require more attention. Should hopes for precision medicine's benefits be fulfilled, then the ethical principle of justice would require an unlimited access to precision medicine for all people. The potential for autonomous patients' decisions must be greatly enhanced by ...

Results Many patients and professionals expect high benefits from precision medicine and have a positive attitude towards it. However, patients and professionals also perceive some risks. Commonly perceived risks include: lack of evidence for accuracy of tests and efficacy of treatments; limited knowledge of patients, which makes informed consent more difficult; possible unavailability of access to precision medicine for underprivileged people and ethnic minorities; misuse of data by insurance companies and employers, potential of racial stigmatization due to genetic information; unwanted communication of incidental findings; changes in doctor-patient-relationship through focusing on data; and the problem that patients could feel under pressure to optimize their health. Conclusions National legislation and guidelines already minimize many risks associated with precision medicine. However, from our perspective some problems require more attention. Should hopes for precision medicine's benefits be fulfilled, then the ethical principle of justice would require an unlimited access to precision medicine for all people. The potential for autonomous patients' decisions must be greatly enhanced by improvements in patient education. Harm from test results must be avoided in any case by the highest possible data security level and communication guidelines. Changes in the doctor-patient relationship and the impact of precision medicine on the quality of life should be further investigated. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of precision medicine should be further examined, in order to avoid malinvestment.

This study aimed to evaluate the academic performance and social surroundings of teenage smokers in Bengkulu City, Indonesia, utilizing a mixed research methodology that incorporated both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative data was obtained via structured interviews with 130 teenage smokers, while the qualitative data was obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings revealed that 51 out of 130 participants achieved a "top 10" rank in their academic performance, and 48 claimed to have achieved a "top 3 rank". Moreover, 65% of participants reported that their family environment was supportive of their academic achievement, and there was a significant association between family environment and academic performance (OR = 10.795; p < 0.05). Additionally, 55% of participants reported that their peer environment was supportive of their academic achievement, and there was a significant association between peer environment and academic performance (OR = 10.706; p = 0.030). Furthermore, 58% of participants reported that the community environment supported their academic achievement, but there was no significant relationship between the community environment and academic performance (OR = 6.787; p = 0.148). Finally, 59% of participants reported that the work environment supported their academic achievement, but there was no significant relationship between workplace environment and academic performance (OR = 7.598; p = 0.107). The study recommends that parents and schools should focus on improving their children's academic performance, particularly in the context of peer relationships.

Kriz türü ve kriz tepki stratejisi bir kurumun yöneldiği kriz iletişimi pratiklerini şekillendiren unsurlar arasındadır. Kurumların bir kriz durumunda ne söylediğini ve ne yaptığını belirten kriz iletişimi kültür ve duygu yapıları ile ilişkilidir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmanın amacı kriz türünün ve tepki stratejilerinin duygular ve satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve kriz iletişimi alanını kültürün boyutlarından biri olan "belirsizlikten kaçınma" boyutu bağlamında değerlendirmektir. Belirtilen amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada ilk olarak 2x2 faktörlü gruplar arası faktöryel bir desen tasarlanmıştır. Odak grup görüşme tekniği ile toplanan nitel veriler ise tematik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Satın alma niyetinin, kriz türü açısından anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği fakat kriz tepki stratejisine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Çeşitli duyguların ise hem kriz türü hem de tepki stratejisi açısından anlamlı bir farklılık sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Nitel verilerin analizi sonucunda ise toplam beş tema ortaya çıkmıştır.

The digitalization of public administrations faces big challenges regarding employees' acceptance of IT. Change management approaches based on participation should help achieving acceptance and success of IT projects in the public sector. The research investigated how participation methods can be integrated into change management and which effects participation has on the acceptance of the introduced system in this sector. The authors followed a mixed research approach and conducted a quantitative and a qualitative study within public administrations and ministries in two states in Germany. The findings reveal that employees' participation in the form of information, communication, training, support, and active participation as well as the role of managers all have a significant positive relationship with employees' attitudes towards IT. Furthermore, they identified four key aspects of applying change-management based on employee participation in IT-projects, which they recommend to consider when implementing IT projects in the public sector in the future.

Längsschnittforschung ist vielversprechend für die Erforschung von Stabilität und Wandel. Qualitative und quantitative Längsschnittforschung können im Rahmen eines Mixed-Methods-Designs kombiniert werden, um komplementäre, validere und nuanciertere Erkenntnisse zu erzielen. Aber Längsschnittforschung ist anspruchsvoller als Querschnittforschung, und die Kombination qualitativer und quantitativer Strategien in der Mixed-Methods-Längsschnittforschung (MMLR) vervielfacht diese Herausforderungen. Ich beginne diesen Beitrag damit, qualitative und quantitative Längsschnittforschung mit den jeweiligen Stärken und Herausforderungen zu konzeptualisieren. Dann skizziere ich Designoptionen und Implikationen für MMLR. Dabei beziehe ich mich auf traditionelle Designoptionen in Mixed Methods und Längsschnittforschung, z.B. Zeit und Zeitlichkeit, Priorität, Zweck, Stichprobenziehung, Datenerhebung, Auswertung, Interpretation und Präsentation. In MMLR haben diese Designdimensionen einen erweiterten Zeithorizont, weil sie in jeder Welle getroffen oder revidiert werden müssen/können. So möchte ich mit diesem Beitrag die Konzeptualisierung eines vielversprechende,n aber oft vernachlässigten Forschungsgebiets bereichern.

[EN] There is a growing consensus on the need to propose specific policies to face rural depopulation. This article applies fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to define the presence or absence in each municipality of the conditions leading to the presence or absence of depopulation. We also perform Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) of population growth to identify hotspots of rural depopulation. The methodologies prove useful to evaluate and guide regional policies that address depopulation processes in the context of a relatively urbanized region. ; [ES] Existe un consenso cada vez mayor sobre la necesidad de proponer políticas específicas para enfrentar los procesos de despoblación rural. Este artículo aplica un Análisis Comparativo Cualitativo de conjuntos difusos para definir la presencia o ausencia en cada municipio de las condiciones que conducen a la presencia o ausencia de despoblación. También realizamos un Análisis Exploratorio de Datos Espaciales (ESDA) del crecimiento de la población para identificar zonas críticas de despoblación rural. La metodología resulta útil para evaluar y guiar las políticas regionales que abordan los procesos de despoblación en el contexto de una región relativamente urbanizada. ; Dr. Alama, Dr. Budi and Dr. García-Álvarez-Coque express their appreciation for the financial support and data provided by Catedra AVANT funded by Generalitat Valenciana and Business of Spain Government, (ECO2017-85746-P). ; Alamá-Sabater, L.; Budí, V.; García-Álvarez-Coque, JM.; Roig-Tierno, N. (2019). Using mixed research approaches to understand rural depopulation. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 19(1):99-120. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2019.01.06 ; SWORD ; 99 ; 120 ; 19 ; 1

The purpose of this article is to recommend legitimation criteria pertinent for conducting mixed research. First, a discussion of mixed research as a distinctive methodology is presented, and challenges unique to mixed research are outlined. Second, an overview of quality criteria published in the mixed research literature is summarized. Third, the authors extend the discussion of quality criteria by introducing what we call the Holistic and Synergistic Legitimation Research Process, whereby emphasis on philosophical clarity and dialogue with values/perspectives of multiple communities of practice play continuous, iterative, holistic, and synergistic roles in the legitimation process. In so doing, the authors hope to clarify criteria that are important in terms of legitimating inferences drawn throughout a study, and, at the inquiry's conclusion, to provide a perspective for guiding researchers' evaluations of the quality of their research findings, inferences, and applications.