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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the variations in the blood muscular damage indicators post application of two complex training programs for back squats. [Subjects and Methods] Seven military athletes were the subjects of this study. The study had a quasi-experimental cross-over intra-subject design. Two complex training protocols were applied, and the variables to be measured were cortisol, metabolic creatine kinase, and total creatine kinase. For the statistical analysis, Student's t-test was used. [Results] Twenty-four hours post effort, a significant decrease in cortisol level was shown for both protocols; however, the metabolic creatine kinase and total creatine kinase levels showed a significant increase. [Conclusion] Both protocols lowered the indicator of main muscular damage in the blood supply (cortisol). This proved that the work weight did not generate significant muscular damage in the 24-hour post-exercise period.

Abstract Background: Cardiac remodeling depends on the intensity, duration, and training method. Objective: To evaluate if the training performed in a Portuguese military special operations troop increases cardiac remodeling in a sample of young individuals who previously practiced competitive sports. Methods: A prospective study involving 76 military candidates for military special operations, 45 of whom previously practiced at competitive level (> 10 hours per week). Of these military athletes, only 17 successfully completed the course. The evaluation was performed at 6 months intervals and included a complete clinical history, physical examination, vital signs, anthropometric data and echocardiographic evaluation. Statistical significance was considered when p < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: At the end of the course, there was a decrease in the percentage of fat mass (19.1 ± 3.3% vs. 13.1 ± 3.5%; p < 0.01), an increase in the percentage of lean mass (41.3 ± 2.1% vs. 44.4 ± 1.8%; p < 0.01), and decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Regarding cardiac remodeling, there was an increase in left ventricular diastolic diameter (49.7 ± 3.2 mm vs. 52.8 ± 3.4 mm; p < 0.01), an increase trend in left atrial volume (27.3 ± 4.5 mL/m2 vs. 28.2 ± 4.1 mL/m2; p = 0.07) and increased left ventricular mass (93.1 ± 7.7 g/m2 vs. 100.2 ± 11.4 g/m2; p < 0.01). Functional variables also changed, with an increase in S' (15 (13-16) cm/s vs. 17 (16-18) cm/s; p < 0,01) and a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (60 ± 6% vs. 54 ± 6%; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Intense military physical training resulted in additional cardiac remodeling in athletes of competitive level, both structural and functional.

Abstract Background: Cardiac remodeling depends on the intensity, duration, and training method. Objective: To evaluate if the training performed in a Portuguese military special operations troop increases cardiac remodeling in a sample of young individuals who previously practiced competitive sports. Methods: A prospective study involving 76 military candidates for military special operations, 45 of whom previously practiced at competitive level (> 10 hours per week). Of these military athletes, only 17 successfully completed the course. The evaluation was performed at 6 months intervals and included a complete clinical history, physical examination, vital signs, anthropometric data and echocardiographic evaluation. Statistical significance was considered when p < 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: At the end of the course, there was a decrease in the percentage of fat mass (19.1 ± 3.3% vs. 13.1 ± 3.5%; p < 0.01), an increase in the percentage of lean mass (41.3 ± 2.1% vs. 44.4 ± 1.8%; p < 0.01), and decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Regarding cardiac remodeling, there was an increase in left ventricular diastolic diameter (49.7 ± 3.2 mm vs. 52.8 ± 3.4 mm; p < 0.01), an increase trend in left atrial volume (27.3 ± 4.5 mL/ m2 vs. 28.2 ± 4.1 mL/m2; p = 0.07) and increased left ventricular mass (93.1 ± 7.7 g/m2 vs. 100.2 ± 11.4 g/m2; p < 0.01). Functional variables also changed, with an increase in S' (15 (13-16) cm/s vs. 17 (16-18) cm/s; p < 0,01) and a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (60 ± 6% vs. 54 ± 6%; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Intense military physical training resulted in additional cardiac remodeling in athletes of competitive level, both structural and functional. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2018; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

BACKGROUND: Pectoralis major ruptures are rare injuries that can occur at several parts of the muscle. Little is known of the pathoanatomic process and performance following pectoralis major ruptures in young athletes. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this study was to describe a series of pectoralis major ruptures in military academy athletes at the US Military Academy and US Naval Academy. We hypothesized that military academy athletes will demonstrate a different rupture location than previously reported in older patients. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A retrospective case series was performed by analyzing all electronic medical records and imaging software for consecutive pectoralis major ruptures undergoing surgical repair within the student population at 2 military academies. The primary outcome of interest was rupture pattern and location. We also assessed functional recovery following surgery by analyzing push-up performance on the biannual Army Physical Fitness Test and Navy Physical Readiness Test. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2017, a total of 19 cases of pectoralis major ruptures occurred in military academy cadets. Patients ranged in age from 19 to 23 years, with a mean age of 20 years. All injuries occurred during sports activity, with bench press as the most common mechanism of injury (n = 10; 53%). The most common rupture location was the musculotendinous junction (n = 10; 53%), followed by pectoralis major tendon insertion (n = 8; 42%), and only 1 bony avulsion was noted. Physical activity performance following the rupture was negatively affected. The mean ± SD number of push-ups preinjury was 73.20 ± 12.10, which decreased following injury and surgery (66.50 ± 11.98; P = .037). CONCLUSION: Military academy athletes in our study cohort demonstrated a different type of rupture location than has been reported in older cohorts, with the majority experiencing tearing at a location other than the tendon itself. Performance was also negatively affected immediately following ...

This title introduces young dog lovers to K9 and military dogs, covering everything from the history of their use to conditioning, training, and the work they do. The title features informative sidebars, exciting photos, a photodiagram, and a glossary

Over-exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is associated with deleterious health effects including, but not limited to, increased risk of skin cancers. Military personnel and those who participate in outdoor exercise or sports represent two potential populations at elevated risk of negative health consequences of UVR exposure, due to large amounts of time spent outdoors, often in harsh UVR environments. Despite exposure to high and/or frequent doses of UVR in recreational and tactical athletes, adequate sun-protection practices are often disregarded or not well understood by many within these at-risk populations, resulting in heightened risk of negative UVR effects. The focus of this review is to examine the available literature regarding UVR exposure, risk of adverse health effects of UVR exposure, and sun protection practices in outdoor exercisers, athletes, and military personnel.

To examine the incidence of meniscal injuries and the influence of demographic and occupational factors among active-duty US service members between 1998 and 2006. ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Importance: Concussions are a common occurrence in young athletes. Hypobaric hypoxemia, such as that experienced during airplane travel, can potentially cause alterations to cerebral blood flow and increased neuroinflammatory response. It remains unknown whether flying early after a concussion may influence the clinical course of injury. Objective: To determine whether there is an association between concussion recovery and airplane travel in collegiate athletes and military cadets. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study was conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association and US Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium from August 3, 2014, to September 13, 2018. Participant groups were categorized by those who flew within 72 hours of injury and those who did not fly. All participants included in the final analyses had complete data of interest and only 1 injury during the study. Data analysis was performed from September 2018 to March 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures: Recovery outcome measures were defined as time (in days) from injury to return to activity, school, and baseline symptoms. Symptom and headache severity scores were derived from the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-Third Edition. Scores for both groups were taken at baseline and a median of 2 days after injury. Results: A total of 92 participants who flew (mean [SD] age, 19.1 [1.2] years; 55 male [59.8%]) and 1383 participants who did not fly (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [1.3] years; 809 male [58.5%]) were included in the analysis of symptom recovery outcomes (analysis 1). Similarly, 100 participants who flew (mean [SD] age, 19.2 [1.2] years; 63 male [63.0%]) and 1577 participants who did not fly (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [1.3] years; 916 male [58.1%]) were included in the analysis of symptom severity outcomes (analysis 2). No significant group differences were found regarding recovery outcome measures. Likewise, there were no group differences in symptom (estimated mean difference, 0.029; 95% CI, -0.083 to 0.144; P = .67) or headache (estimated mean difference, -0.007; 95% CI, -0.094 to 0.081; P = .91) severity scores. Conclusions and Relevance: Airplane travel early after concussion was not associated with recovery or severity of concussion symptoms. These findings may help guide future recommendations on flight travel after concussion in athletes.

IMPORTANCE: Concussions are a common occurrence in young athletes. Hypobaric hypoxemia, such as that experienced during airplane travel, can potentially cause alterations to cerebral blood flow and increased neuroinflammatory response. It remains unknown whether flying early after a concussion may influence the clinical course of injury. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between concussion recovery and airplane travel in collegiate athletes and military cadets. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association and US Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium from August 3, 2014, to September 13, 2018. Participant groups were categorized by those who flew within 72 hours of injury and those who did not fly. All participants included in the final analyses had complete data of interest and only 1 injury during the study. Data analysis was performed from September 2018 to March 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Recovery outcome measures were defined as time (in days) from injury to return to activity, school, and baseline symptoms. Symptom and headache severity scores were derived from the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool—Third Edition. Scores for both groups were taken at baseline and a median of 2 days after injury. RESULTS: A total of 92 participants who flew (mean [SD] age, 19.1 [1.2] years; 55 male [59.8%]) and 1383 participants who did not fly (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [1.3] years; 809 male [58.5%]) were included in the analysis of symptom recovery outcomes (analysis 1). Similarly, 100 participants who flew (mean [SD] age, 19.2 [1.2] years; 63 male [63.0%]) and 1577 participants who did not fly (mean [SD] age, 18.9 [1.3] years; 916 male [58.1%]) were included in the analysis of symptom severity outcomes (analysis 2). No significant group differences were found regarding recovery outcome measures. Likewise, there were no group differences in symptom (estimated mean difference, 0.029; 95% CI, ...

"The story of America's military athletes in the Olympic Games 1992"--cover. ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate opinions of persons who are involved with judo about judo athletes' personality. METHODS: For this purpose 132 coaches, athletes, students of Department of Physical Education and Sport Science (DEPESS) and students of military school answered to a 35-item questionnaire describing their image towards judo athletes, in regard to social, volition, active, physical and emotional nature. RESULTS: statistical analysis showed that all the groups rated from the average, to somewhat strong and, also, to strong, while coaches rated higher to the most items. More specifically, one way ANOVA revealed significant differences, with coaches rating significantly higher, in the items of "being healthy" in physical nature (F=2.85, p<0.05), in items "having proper manner" and "being sincere" in social nature, (F=3.41, p<0.05 and F=3.09, p<0.05 respectively), "being positive" in active nature (F=3.95, p<0.05). Also in the items "being mild" (F=3.04, p<0.05), "being cheerful" (F=3.60, p<0.05) and "being carefree" (F=2.98, p<0.05) in emotional nature. Moreover, students of military school rating significantly higher in the item of "being cautious" in active nature (F=2.51, p<0.05) and in the item of "having power of concentration" in active nature both students of military school and of DEPESS rating significantly higher (F=5.66, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The high rating in the most items might be due to the nature of the attitudes provided and cultured during the judo lessons, practice time and matches. Moreover, the differences between the groups for the coaches group might be observed because they have the most real image for judo athletes.

Vitamin D is mainly obtained through sunlight ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure of the skin, with a small amount typically coming from the diet.It is now clear that vitamin D has important roles beyond its well-known effects on calcium and bone homeostasis. Immune cells express the vitamin D receptor, including antigen presenting cells, T cells and B cells, and these cells are all capable of synthesizing the biologically active vitamin D metabolite, 1, 25 hydroxy vitamin D.There has been growing interest in the benefits of supplementing vitamin D as studies report vitamin D insufficiency (circulating 25(OH)D 75 nmol/L.