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Migration has been a constant feature of human history – "homo migrans" has existed ever since "homo sapiens". Moving away from the traditional nation-based dichotomy of emigration – immigration, the less specific term migration allows for many possible trajectories, time spans, directions and destinations. It can be temporary or long-term, voluntary or forced. It can occur in stages or in cycles, and can be mono-directional or more varied. Generally speaking, however, human migration can be defined as crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit for a certain minimum period.

Migration during the shift from agrarian to industrial societies. -- Migration in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. -- The period of the world wars: escape, expulsion, forced labour. -- Migration and migratory policies in the Cold War. -- Europe : a continent of immigration at the end of the twentieth century.

Modeling patterns of human migration -- Earliest human migrations, to 40,000 BP -- Peopling northern and American regions, 40,000 to 15,000 BP -- Agriculture, 15,000 BP to 5000 BP -- Commerce, 3000 BCE to 500 CE -- Modes of movement, 500 CE to 1400 CE -- Spanning the Oceans, 1400 to 1700 -- Labor for industry and empire, 1700 to 1900 -- Diasporas and nations in expansion, 1900 to 1980 -- Migration in global transformation, 1980 to 2050.