Suchergebnisse

Der Prozeß der Akzeptanz einer Innovation, dargestellt am Beispiel
eines neu eingeführten medizinischen Präparates in den Vereinigten
Staaten.

Themen: Interesse der Patienten an ärztlicher Aufklärung über die
Verschreibung; Einstellung zu Verschreibungswünschen der Patienten;
Beurteilung der neueren pharmazeutischen Entwicklungen hinsichtlich der
Erleichterungen für die ärztliche Tätigkeit; Informationsquellen über
neue Therapiemethoden; Kollegenkontakte; Bezug sowie Beurteilung des
Informationsgehalts von medizinischen oder pharmakologischen
Zeitschriften; präferierte Quelle medizinischer Informationen; Angaben
zu Behandlungserfolgen mit ausgewählten Präparaten; Beurteilung des
Images und der Forschungsaufwendungen verschiedener pharmazeutischer
Hersteller; Beurteilung des Medikamentenangebots durch die
Pharmaindustrie; Einstellung zur Kommerzialisierung des Pharmabereichs;
Einstellung zu einer öffentlichen Krankenversorgung; Einstellung zu
Ärztinnen; Beurteilung des Hygieneverhaltens der Amerikaner; Einstellung
zur Psychosomatik und zur Psychiatrie; berufliches Selbstbild; relatives
Sozialprestige ausgewählter Berufe; Bekannten- und Freundeskreis;
konservative bzw. fortschrittliche Einstellungen; Mitgliedschaft in
einem Berufsverband; Teilnahme an Kongressen; eigene
Meinungsführerschaft; regionale Herkunft; Ortsansässigkeit und
Ortsverbundenheit des eigenen Patientenstammes; soziales Netzwerk unter
den Berufskollegen.

Demographie: Alter (klassiert); Geschlecht; Familienstand; Konfession;
Religiosität; Schulbildung; Berufsausbildung; soziale Herkunft.

Interviewerrating: Interviewdauer; Ort des Interviews;
Schichtzugehörigkeit der Patienten im Wartesaal; ausgelegte
Zeitschriften im Wartesaal; Beurteilung der Modernität der Einrichtung
des Wartesaals.

Children are therapeutic orphans and an underprivileged group in innovations derived from drug therapy. As the innovation process of pharmaceuticals is a long, risky and very costly business, economists typically emphasise lack of profit incentives and small market size as the most important obstacles to child-related innovative activity. Moreover, as new drugs need to be tested in medical trials, there are ethical concerns leading to a climate of reluctance towards medical trials on persons who are not able to give their "informed consent". Particularly in Germany, due to various reasons, a rather restrictive legislation is to be assumed, characterized by the idea of putting the protection of the individual human being before a more utilitarian view. Thus, economic incentives, legal restrictions and ethical concerns seem to be responsible for the lack of innovative activity targeted at drugs for children, though social cost-benefit considerations (i.e. welfare analysis) would most probably predict a high gain from the introduction of critical innovations. Grounded on a highly interdisciplinary view based on medical, pharmaceutical, psychopharmaceutical, psychotherapeutic and economic research as well as on ethical restrictions, this survey aims at analysing channels of influence that might be helpful both in the analysis of the innovation process of drugs for children, and in improving the uncertain situation of pediatric therapy.

Children are therapeutic orphans and an underprivileged group in innovations derived from drug therapy. As the innovation process of pharmaceuticals is a long, risky and very costly business, economists typically emphasise lack of profit incentives and small market size as the most important obstacles to child-related innovative activity. Moreover, as new drugs need to be tested in medical trials, there are ethical concerns leading to a climate of reluctance towards medical trials on persons who are not able to give their "informed consent". Particularly in Germany, due to various reasons, a rather restrictive legislation is to be assumed, characterized by the idea of putting the protection of the individual human being before a more utilitarian view. Thus, economic incentives, legal restrictions and ethical concerns seem to be responsible for the lack of innovative activity targeted at drugs for children, though social cost-benefit considerations (i.e. welfare analysis) would most probably predict a high gain from the introduction of critical innovations. Grounded on a highly interdisciplinary view based on medical, pharmaceutical, psychopharmaceutical, psychotherapeutic and economic research as well as on ethical restrictions, this survey aims at analysing channels of influence that might be helpful both in the analysis of the innovation process of drugs for children, and in improving the uncertain situation of pediatric therapy.

This book brings together a collection of empirical case studies featuring a wide spectrum of medical innovation. While there is no unique pathway to successful medical innovation, recurring and distinctive features can be observed across different areas of clinical practice. This book examines why medical practice develops so unevenly across and within areas of disease, and how this relates to the underlying conditions of innovation across areas of practice. The contributions contained in this volume adopt a dynamic perspective on medical innovation based on the notion that scientific understanding, technology and clinical practice co-evolve along the co-ordinated search for solutions to medical problems. The chapters follow an historical approach to emphasise that the advancement of medical know-how is a contested, nuanced process, and that it involves a variety of knowledge bases whose evolutionary paths are rooted in the contexts in which they emerge.

This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners concerned with medical innovation, management studies and the economics of innovation.

Chapter 5 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at www.tandfebooks.com/openaccess. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license.