Suchergebnisse

Version française de l'article pubié en anglais ; The world-wide diffusion of prenatal ultrasound has encountered local historical, cultural and political particularities. The purpose of this article is to study the varied uses of this technology in cases of detection of a foetal anomaly, in Rio de Janeiro, in a context of generalized access to ultrasound, restrictive legislation on abortion and major social inequalities. An ethnographic approach was chosen combining from 2009 to 2011, observations of prenatal consultations and interviews with specialist physicians and pregnantwomen, in both public and private sector institutions. Analysis of the data allowed us to identify three ideal-typical moments in the trajectory of the pregnant women when a foetal malformation was detected. The first moment occurs before the detection of the anomaly, when an initial ultrasound is carried out, essentially in private centres. The standardized actions of pregnancy monitoring are performed in the background while practitioners use the technology to support the local culture of praise to motherhood and the family. The second ideal-typicalmoment shows howdetection of an anomaly leads to fragmentation of the foetus at the public referral centre for foetal malformations. But far fromdepersonalizing the consultation, the formalism of the diagnostic procedure is considered by some professionals as a political lever toempower women from poor neighbourhoods as they acquire knowledge and comprehension of the situation despite their lack of decisional autonomy. During the third ideal-typical moment, professionals put the data produced by the image into the larger perspective of the logic of care: the focus is no longer on access to knowledge and autonomy, but on the joint collaboration of women and professionals towards solving the problems of everyday life. The combination of these three moments in time illustrates a process whereby the malformed foetus is humanised, dehumanised and re-humanised with respect to the technological tool. ...

Version française de l'article pubié en anglais ; The world-wide diffusion of prenatal ultrasound has encountered local historical, cultural and political particularities. The purpose of this article is to study the varied uses of this technology in cases of detection of a foetal anomaly, in Rio de Janeiro, in a context of generalized access to ultrasound, restrictive legislation on abortion and major social inequalities. An ethnographic approach was chosen combining from 2009 to 2011, observations of prenatal consultations and interviews with specialist physicians and pregnantwomen, in both public and private sector institutions. Analysis of the data allowed us to identify three ideal-typical moments in the trajectory of the pregnant women when a foetal malformation was detected. The first moment occurs before the detection of the anomaly, when an initial ultrasound is carried out, essentially in private centres. The standardized actions of pregnancy monitoring are performed in the background while practitioners use the technology to support the local culture of praise to motherhood and the family. The second ideal-typicalmoment shows howdetection of an anomaly leads to fragmentation of the foetus at the public referral centre for foetal malformations. But far fromdepersonalizing the consultation, the formalism of the diagnostic procedure is considered by some professionals as a political lever toempower women from poor neighbourhoods as they acquire knowledge and comprehension of the situation despite their lack of decisional autonomy. During the third ideal-typical moment, professionals put the data produced by the image into the larger perspective of the logic of care: the focus is no longer on access to knowledge and autonomy, but on the joint collaboration of women and professionals towards solving the problems of everyday life. The combination of these three moments in time illustrates a process whereby the malformed foetus is humanised, dehumanised and re-humanised with respect to the technological tool. ...

Version française de l'article pubié en anglais ; The world-wide diffusion of prenatal ultrasound has encountered local historical, cultural and political particularities. The purpose of this article is to study the varied uses of this technology in cases of detection of a foetal anomaly, in Rio de Janeiro, in a context of generalized access to ultrasound, restrictive legislation on abortion and major social inequalities. An ethnographic approach was chosen combining from 2009 to 2011, observations of prenatal consultations and interviews with specialist physicians and pregnantwomen, in both public and private sector institutions. Analysis of the data allowed us to identify three ideal-typical moments in the trajectory of the pregnant women when a foetal malformation was detected. The first moment occurs before the detection of the anomaly, when an initial ultrasound is carried out, essentially in private centres. The standardized actions of pregnancy monitoring are performed in the background while practitioners use the technology to support the local culture of praise to motherhood and the family. The second ideal-typicalmoment shows howdetection of an anomaly leads to fragmentation of the foetus at the public referral centre for foetal malformations. But far fromdepersonalizing the consultation, the formalism of the diagnostic procedure is considered by some professionals as a political lever toempower women from poor neighbourhoods as they acquire knowledge and comprehension of the situation despite their lack of decisional autonomy. During the third ideal-typical moment, professionals put the data produced by the image into the larger perspective of the logic of care: the focus is no longer on access to knowledge and autonomy, but on the joint collaboration of women and professionals towards solving the problems of everyday life. The combination of these three moments in time illustrates a process whereby the malformed foetus is humanised, dehumanised and re-humanised with respect to the technological tool. ; L'extension et la diffusion sans frontière de l'échographie prénatale se frotte à des particularités locales historiques, culturelles et politiques. L'objectif de l'article est d'étudier les usages et leurs variations de cette technologie à Rio de Janeiro, dans un contexte d'accès généralisé aux ultrasons, d'une législation restrictive en matière d'avortement et de fortes inégalités sociales. Une approche ethnographique a été privilégiée, associant observations de consultations prénatales et entretiens réalisés avec des médecins spécialistes et des femmes enceintes dans les secteurs publics et privés tant en situation de suivi en routine des grossesses que de malformations fœtales graves. L'analyse a permis la construction de trois moments idéal-typiques de la trajectoire des femmes enceintes pour lesquelles une anomalie du fœtus est diagnostiquée. Le premier se situe en amont de la découverte de l'anomalie, lors des échographies réalisées essentiellement dans les centres privés. Les actions standardisées de la surveillance des grossesses sont effectuées à l'arrière-plan tandis que le contexte de marchandisation de l'échographie enjoint les praticiens, attentifs à leur clientèle, à utiliser la technologie pour appuyer la culture locale d'éloge à la maternité et à la famille. Le second moment idéal-typique illustre la fragmentation du fœtus consécutive à l'observation de l'anomalie qu'il porte. Mais, loin de dépersonnaliser la consultation, le recours au formalisme de la recherche diagnostique constitue pour certains professionnels un levier politique d' " empowerment " des femmes de milieux défavorisés. Les professionnels du troisième moment relativisent les données produites par l'image pour introduire une autre logique, celle du soin, dans laquelle l'accent est non plus porté sur l'accès à la connaissance et à l'autonomie, mais où femmes et professionnels se tournent ensemble vers la résolution des actions de la vie quotidienne. La combinaison de ces trois moments illustre un processus d'humanisation, deshumanisation et ré-humanisation du fœtus malformé en lien avec l'outil technologique.

Background: Cord around the neck is a common occurrence, frequently found in the labour room and in the operation theatre at the time of delivery. It causes panic and alarm for the obstetrician and is a source of worry for the parents if detected during the antenatal period. Mostly the parents choose to have a caesarean delivery to avoid any risk to the baby. Objective: To observe the labour, delivery and foetal outcome of undiagnosed cases of cord around foetal neck received in emergency with labour so as to have a supportive evidence to reduce the fear of general population against vaginal delivery in such cases. Design: A Descriptive study. Setting: This study was conducted in a teaching hospital affiliated with King Edward Medical University, Government Kot Khawaja Saeed Hospital Lahore in a period from Jan 2015 to Feb 2016. Methods: Booked or un-booked, 90 cases received with labour in the labour room, having singleton, term pregnancy and alive, healthy foetus were included in the study. All these cases were found to have cord around the neck after delivery (vaginal or operative). Routine careful management of labour and maintenance of all record on the labour charts was done. A prepared Proforma was filled at the end and specific points required like number of loops and tightness of the cord was specially mentioned in the cases qualified for inclusion criteria. Main Outcome measures: Foetal heart rate monitoring, meconium staining of liquor, mode of delivery and APGAR score of the newborn. Results: 35(38.6%) patients had decelerations and changes in heart rate on CTG. 10 patients (11.1%) had meconium staining of liquor and 25 (27.7%) had caesarean sections due to foetal distress and failed descent of foetal head. Vacuum extraction was done in 10 (11.1%) of the cases. Outlet Forceps were applied in 3 (3.3%). Spontaneous vaginal delivery was p ossible in 52 (57.7%) so total 65 patients (72.2%) had vaginal deliveries. Regarding APGAR Score of the neonates, lower A/S was found in those with tight loops of cord. In 14 (15.5%) of the neonates had 1 to 4 A/S at 1 minute. 5 to 6 A/S was found in 8(8.8%). And more than 7 A/S at birth was found in 01(1.1%) of the neonates with tight cords. Thirteen babies were admitted in the Neonatal unit and 6 were kept in the Hospital for more than 24 hours. Conclusion: Cases with cord around the neck can be delivered if they develop spontaneous labour but with strict intrapartum foetal monitoring and maintenance of partogram. There should be no delay in operative delivery if indicated. An antenatal diagnosis of cord around the neck does not justify an elective caesarean section.

Biotechnologische Forschung findet heute nicht mehr nur in spezialisierten Labors statt. Eine wachsende Gemeinschaft von Biologen, Bastlern und Technikbegeisterten experimentiert in Küchen, Werkstätten und Eigenbau-Labors. Einige sehen in der Demokratisierung der Biotechnologie eine Gefahr; andere die Chance für ein besseres Verständnis von komplexen wissenschaftlichen Zusammenhängen in der Gesellschaft.

Comprend : La politique d'innovation dans trois pays européens : le cas de la biotechnologie / Bernhard Zechendorf - Le rôle des acteurs dans le cycle de vie des jeunes entreprises de biotechnologie / Géraldine Galindo, Najoua Boufaden - Partenariats Public-Privé en génomique : la construction de compromis au sein d'organisation hybrides / Antoine Bureth, Chantale Mailhot - L'influence de l'environnement régional sur la création et la croissance des PME de biotechnologie / Corinne Autant-Bernard, Vincent Mangematin, Nadine Massard - Les biotechnologies en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur : acteurs, dynamiques et perspectives d'évolution / Stéphane Ghio, Joël Grillasca, Rémi Roghe - Le rôle du brevet dans les biotechnologies : le cas de la BioValley du Rhin supérieur / Antoine Bureth, Rachel Levy, Julien Penin, Sandrine Wolff - Firmes de biotechnologie indépendantes et dépôts de brevets : une exploration économétrique / Stéphane Lhuillery, Catherine Carpentier - Capital-risque et intermédiation : les fondements de l'essor entrepreneurial dans les biotechnologies en Allemagne. L'exemple de la région de Berlin / BrandebourgClaire Champenois - Évolution de l'activité biotechnologique au Canada - 1997, 1999 et 2001 / Lara Raoub ; Appartient à l'ensemble documentaire : BnSP000

Alcohol consumed during pregnancy can affect a child's development and cause disorders that require patient support