Suchergebnisse

Medieval manuscripts or other written documents from that period contain valuable information about people, religion, and politics of the medieval period, making the study of medieval documents a necessary pre-requisite to gaining in-depth knowledge of medieval history. Although tool-less study of such documents is possible and has been ongoing for centuries, much subtle information remains locked such manuscripts unless it gets revealed by effective means of computational analysis. Automatic analysis of medieval manuscripts is a non-trivial task mainly due to non-conforming styles, spelling peculiarities, or lack of relational structures (hyper-links), which could be used to answer meaningful queries. Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools and algorithms are used to carry out computational analysis of text data. However due to high percentage of spelling variations in medieval manuscripts, NLP tools and algorithms cannot be applied directly for computational analysis. If the spelling variations are mapped to standard dictionary words, then application of standard NLP tools and algorithms becomes possible. In this paper we describe a web-based software tool CAMM (Computational Analysis of Medieval Manuscripts) that maps medieval spelling variations to a modern German dictionary. Here we describe the steps taken to acquire, reformat, and analyze data, produce putative mappings as well as the steps taken to evaluate the findings. At the time of the writing of this paper, CAMM provides access to 11275 manuscripts organized into 54 collections containing a total of 242446 distinctly spelled words. CAMM accurately corrects spelling of 55% percent of the verifiable words. CAMM is freely available at http://researchworks.cs.athabascau.ca/.

Medieval manuscripts or other written documents from that period contain valuable information about people, religion, and politics of the medieval period, making the study of medieval documents a necessary pre-requisite to gaining in-depth knowledge of medieval history. Although tool-less study of such documents is possible and has been ongoing for centuries, much subtle information remains locked such manuscripts unless it gets revealed by effective means of computational analysis. Automatic analysis of medieval manuscripts is a non-trivial task mainly due to non-conforming styles, spelling peculiarities, or lack of relational structures (hyper-links), which could be used to answer meaningful queries. Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools and algorithms are used to carry out computational analysis of text data. However due to high percentage of spelling variations in medieval manuscripts, NLP tools and algorithms cannot be applied directly for computational analysis. If the spelling variations are mapped to standard dictionary words, then application of standard NLP tools and algorithms becomes possible. In this paper we describe a web-based software tool CAMM (Computational Analysis of Medieval Manuscripts) that maps medieval spelling variations to a modern German dictionary. Here we describe the steps taken to acquire, reformat, and analyze data, produce putative mappings as well as the steps taken to evaluate the findings. At the time of the writing of this paper, CAMM provides access to 11275 manuscripts organized into 54 collections containing a total of 242446 distinctly spelled words. CAMM accurately corrects spelling of 55% percent of the verifiable words. CAMM is freely available at http://researchworks.cs.athabascau.ca/.

In this note, we consider a form of competition in which two contestants face separate sequences of independent trials. The contestant with the longer sequence of successful trials wins. However, since the trials are independent, there may be a form of paradox whereby the loser is able to pass all of the trials in the winner's sequence, whereas the winner could not have overcome two or more trials in the loser's sequence. We refer to this as the spelling bee paradox and explore its likelihood in simple settings. JEL Classification Codes: C46, D74, Z29.

The European Union IST research programme SAMBITS (System for Advanced Multimedia Broadcast and IT Services) project is using Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), the DVB Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) standard, MPEG- and MPEG- in a studio production and multimedia terminal system to integrate broadcast data and Internet data. This involves using data delivery over multiple paths and the use of a back channel for interaction. MPEG- is being used to identify programme content and to construct queries to allow users to identify and retrieve interesting related content. Searching for content is being carried out using the HySpirit search engine. The paper deals with terminal design issues, the use of MPEG- for broadcasting applications and using a consumer broadcasting terminal for searching for material related to a broadcast.

Since the 1960s, the emergent textualization of Jamaican Creole through music, folklore and 'dialect verse', and the concurrent process of cultural nation-building stemming from independence in 1962, has called for a debate on the 'Jamaican vernacular' and its standardisation, focusing in particular on the political implications of orthography. This paper will explore the issue of standardization of written Creole in Jamaica and in the UK, and will investigate how different spelling choices are intended to signal symbolic difference. In particular, it will focus on dub poetry as an interesting area of research on the textualization of Jamaican and British Creole, referring to the ideological implications embedded in its written re-production in orality-related texts like performance poems. While dub poets such as Linton Kwesi Johnson and Jean Breeze recognize the material conditions which bring them to adopt a system more easily acceptable for an audience whose first literacy is English, the contention of this paper is that they also perform powerful 'creative interventions' on the conventional orthographic system. By strengthening a sense of identity which resists any pressure for standardization, they promote creativity while freely using and deliberately modifying the colonial orthographic standard. Equally aware of the danger of proclaiming a supposed 'standard Creole', they also shun the risks of turning textualization into a tool for fixing the written conventions of Creole. As if to resist any claim of authenticity or 'correctness', dub poets thus constantly displace their text and their voice, moving away from the dangers of standardization like clever tricksters. ; Since the 1960s, the emergent textualization of Jamaican Creole through music, folklore and 'dialect verse', and the concurrent process of cultural nation-building stemming from independence in 1962, has called for a debate on the 'Jamaican vernacular' and its standardisation, focusing in particular on the political implications of orthography. This paper will explore the issue of standardization of written Creole in Jamaica and in the UK, and will investigate how different spelling choices are intended to signal symbolic difference. In particular, it will focus on dub poetry as an interesting area of research on the textualization of Jamaican and British Creole, referring to the ideological implications embedded in its written re-production in orality-related texts like performance poems. While dub poets such as Linton Kwesi Johnson and Jean Breeze recognize the material conditions which bring them to adopt a system more easily acceptable for an audience whose first literacy is English, the contention of this paper is that they also perform powerful 'creative interventions' on the conventional orthographic system. By strengthening a sense of identity which resists any pressure for standardization, they promote creativity while freely using and deliberately modifying the colonial orthographic standard. Equally aware of the danger of proclaiming a supposed 'standard Creole', they also shun the risks of turning textualization into a tool for fixing the written conventions of Creole. As if to resist any claim of authenticity or 'correctness', dub poets thus constantly displace their text and their voice, moving away from the dangers of standardization like clever tricksters.