Suchergebnisse

The period of economic growth of the 19th century created a huge demand for increased credit. Under the pre-existing law of all European legal systems, it was not possible to create a security right in movable property without transferring actual possession to the creditor. This requirement was increasingly seen as unsuited to commercial needs, and new methods of creating security rights were introduced. Each legal system devised its own way of doing this. As a result there are several mutually incompatible approaches to the creation of security rights in the different European legal systems. This leads to problems in international trade, notably when a trader believes that he has obtained a security right over property in his home state, but that right is not recognised in the state to which the property is delivered. The rules of conflict of laws have only been able to provide limited solutions to this problem. Attempts to harmonise the law on securities in movable property within the European Community have also so far proved fruitless. However, a partial solution may also be available under article 30 of the EC Treaty. It is possible to regard differences in the law relating to securities between Member States as measures having effect to quantitative restrictions within the meaning of that article. For example, the use of aretention of title clause is a method of extending credit which constitutes a marketing device. If such clauses can only be used in certain Member States, a seller will have lo modify his marketing strategy in relation to other Member States and will consequently have to bear the extra expense associated with maintaining different marketing strategies which puts him at a disadvantage as compared with domestic traders. Since laws relating to security in movable property apply equally to imported goods and domestic products, Member States may be able to justify them on the basis of the need to protect third parties purchasers. To succeed in this, however, they must also be able to prove that the rules adopted are necessary and proportionate to the aim to be achieved. An examination of the case law indicates that in some cases this requirement would prevent Member States insisting on a strict application of their domestic rules and would ameliorate the situation of foreign exporters.

For every transnational lawyer, it is vital to know the differences between national secured transactions laws. Since the applicable law is determined by the place where the collateral is situated, it may change when movables are brought from one state to another. Introductory essays from comparative lawyers set the scene. The book then presents a survey of the law relating to secured transactions in the member states of the European Union. Following the Common Core approach, the national reports are centred around fifteen hypothetical cases dealing with the most important issues of secured transactions law, such as the creation of security rights in different business situations, the relationship between debtor and secured creditor, the nature of the creditor's rights and their enforcement as against third parties. each case is followed by a comparative summary. A general report evaluates the possibilities of European harmonisation in the field of secured transactions law

The article reveals the procedure and particulars of making a rental contract for vehicles and other movable property. The author proceeds from the fact that the practice of economic activity shows a high degree of demand for leases of movable property, including equipment (machinery) and vehicles. The data contractual relations are governed mainly by general provisions of civil law lease, while there are no special rules relating to the lease of movable property. In addition, during the leasing relations the economic agents often have the practical issues that require legislative authorization. These circumstances determine the relevance of the topic. The article deals with the essence of the lease and the rental contract subject matter. The rights and obligations of the parties of the contract, liability of the parties for default of its obligations are characterized. The need for legislative recognition of the concept of agreement for lease of movable property is emphasized. The issues related to the composition of rent are raised. It is proposed to adopt a special normative legal act on the agreement for lease of movable property. According to the author, the form and content of the contract of movable property lease may be determined by the cost of the property and the type of its service ; В статье раскрываются порядок и особенности заключения договора аренды оборудования, транспортных средств и другого движимого имущества. Автор статьи исходит из того, что практика хозяйственной деятельности показывает высокую степень востребованности договоров аренды движимого имущества, в том числе оборудования (механизмов), транспортных средств. При этом данные договорные отношения регулируются преимущественно общими положениями гражданского законодательства об аренде, в то время как отсутствуют специальные нормы, касающиеся аренды движимого имущества. Кроме того, в процессе арендных отношений у субъектов хозяйствования часто возникают практические вопросы, требующие законодательного разрешения. Указанными обстоятельствами обусловлена актуальность рассматриваемой темы. В статье рассматривается сущность арендных отношений, содержание договора аренды имущества. Характеризуются права и обязанности сторон договора, ответственность за неисполнение принятых на себя обязательств. Подчеркивается необходимость законодательного закрепления понятия договора аренды движимого имущества. Ставятся вопросы, связанные с составом арендной платы. Предлагается принятие специального нормативного правового акта по вопросам договора аренды движимого имущества. По мнению автора статьи, форма и содержание договора аренды движимого имущества могут быть обусловлены стоимостью данного имущества и характером его эксплуатации

This article analyses the South African legal framework governing security rights in movable property with the view to inspire law reform. The analysis is based on a comparison of the current South African framework with the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions, a soft-law instrument containing international best practice. The problematic aspects of the South African framework benchmarked against the UNCITRAL Guide are: (1) not having a common legal framework that equally applies to all types of (including quasi-) real security transactions; (2) the scope of the current framework not being comprehensive (inclusive) enough; (3) not having an efficient enough method of creating the security right; (4) the current publicity method, particularly concerning special notarial bonds, being overly cumbersome and not providing effective public notice to third parties; and (5) the current enforcement measures potentially not being the most efficient. Regarding each of these problem areas, the article makes proposals on how the South African legislature could reform the current framework into one that is legally efficient and in step with international best practice.

Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem neuen belgischen Mobiliarkreditsicherungsrecht aus rechtsvergleichender Perspektive. Das im Januar 2018 in Kraft getretene, umfassend reformierte Gesetz wird mit dem US-amerikanischen, dem deutschen und französischen Recht sowie dem Draft Common Frame of Reference und dem UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions verglichen. ; The dissertation is on comparative law and analyses the new Belgian law on secured transactions in movable assets which entered into force in January 2018, marking a broad reform in the law of securities. The new rules are compared to Art. 9 UCC, German and French law as well as the Book IX Draft Common Frame of Reference and the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions. ; Am 1. Januar 2018 ist in Belgien ein Gesetz in Kraft getreten, das das belgische Mobiliarkreditsicherungsrechts grundlegend ändert und modernisiert. Dieses Buch setzt sich zum einen mit den verschiedenen Etappen des Gesetzgebungsprozesses und dem Wandel des gesetzlichen Systems auseinander. Zum anderen werden die neuen Regelungen aus rechtsvergleichender Perspektive betrachtet. Dabei wird insbesondere das Registrierungssystem in den Fokus gerückt und ein Vergleich mit internationalen Vorbildern und Modellgesetzen angestellt. Letztendlich wird die Frage beantwortet, ob das belgische Reformgesetz seiner hauptsächlichen Inspirationsquelle, Art. 9 UCC, gerecht wird und ob es selbst als Vorbild für Reformen – wie der belgische Gesetzgeber hofft – tauglich ist.