Suchergebnisse

"In this book, three scholars of Egypt--one American, two Egyptian--explore the universality of modern Egyptian society and politics. The authors guide readers through Egyptian politics from the 1950s to the present in a manner that is clear, fair to the distinctive features of Egypt, but also alert to ways in which Egypt resembles other societies. In the process, they employ many of the insights used by political scientists to understand the sorts of questions they ask about state formation, regime type, social movements, and political economy: how strong states emerge; how different regime types arise and evolve; when and how various kinds of social organizations emerge and press political agendas; and how wealth and power interact. These comparative and conceptual tools allows them to present a consistent answer to these questions when it comes to Egypt, as well. Egypt's modern state has indeed built strong institutions; it has also been led by regimes that tried to closely control and lead those institutions with some sustained but no permanent success. The book will thus tell the story of the emergence of that state and of various attempts by regimes to steer and manage it"--

Assumer ses responsabilités en travaillant toujours mieux dans la perspective d'une rentabilité sans cesse croissante, tel est l'objectif que visent les secteurs concurrentiels du monde moderne : l'exploitation forestière française n'échappe pas à cet impératif. Se cantonnant aux problèmes spécifiques de la Forêt du Sud-Ouest l'auteur passe en revue un certain nombre de procédés qui y sont en usage, et qui vont du perfectionnement de gestes ou de techniques simples jusqu'à l'adoption de machines combinées aux performances étonnantes. Après avoir mis l'accent sur la nature particulière du travail en forêt, il propose quelques « recettes » susceptibles de guider l'exploitant forestier dans le choix de matériels adaptés à ses besoins ; il insiste sur la nécessité d'une coopération étroite entre les Centres de recherches, les constructeurs de matériels et les organismes professionnels. Il souhaiterait, en outre, que s'étsblisse rapidement une véritable politique de concertation entre propriétaires sylviculteurs et exploitants, de façon è lever les obstacles structurels et parvenir à la coordination indispensable des divers travaux forestiers. Enfin, s'il est fondamental pour l'exploitation forestière française de se hisser à un plus haut niveau de compétitivité, il n'en est pas moins indispensable, quels que soient les impératifs du moment que s'accomplisse conjointement, dans ce milieu en pleine évolution, la promotion matérielle et sociale de l'ouvrier forestier. ; The fact of accepting their own responsability while always doing their best in view of a regularly increasing rentability, is the end aimed at by the modem world competitive sectors : French lumbering cannot avoid that imperative fact limiting himself to those probleme particular to the South-West Forest the writer studies some of the ways used in that district and which include the improvement of gestures and the bettering of simple technique, as well as the adoption of combined machines, the achievements of which are astounding. After having insisted on the particular nature of forest work, he proposes some « receipts » apt to guide the lumbering forester in the choice of a material adapted to his needs ; he dwells on the necessity of a close cooperation among the Research Centres, the implement builders and the professional organizations. Moreover, he would like to see the quick establishment of a concertation policy between the sylvicultural holders and the lumbering ones, in order to avoid the obstacles due to structure and so, reach the indispensable coordination of all the various forest works. At last if it is fundamental for the French lumbering to lise up to a higher level of competitivity, it is no less indispensable, however imperious the present needs are, to improve the material and social life of the forest worker of this economical sector where the development is in full growth.

"Building on her path-breaking work on Chinese in mining areas of the American West, Sue Fawn Chung takes up the topic of Chinese in the nineteenth century lumber industry in this new book. Chinese immigrants were key participants in logging and lumbering, in some cases constituting as much as 90 percent of the lumbering workforce. Chung sets out the background of interest in logging in China and examines the Chinese and American labor contractors, the community organizations and networks that supported them, and some of the reasons Chinese were attracted to logging in the west. She explicates their work, lifestyle, and wages, the lumber companies that employed them, their relationship with other ethnic groups, and the reasons for their departure from this occupation, including tightening immigration restrictions. Among other findings, Chung shows that Chinese performed most of the tasks that Euro-American lumbermen did, that their salaries for the same type of work in some places were not necessarily lower than the prevailing wage for non-Asian workers and in some cases even higher, that although some were separated in their work from other ethnic groups, some developed close relationships with their fellow workers and employers, and that Chinese camp cooks were valued and paid equal or better wages than their Euro-American counterparts. When they were treated unfairly, Chinese often brought their cases before the American courts and through the legal system won the right to buy and sell timberland and to obtain equal wages in logging. Based on exhaustive archival work, this project will expand understandings of the Chinese in the West and in working class history"--Provided by publisher