Suchergebnisse

El principal propósito de este estudio es demostrar la relación entre la afirmación del culto a la Eucaristía iniciado a finales del siglo XII y las características de los objetos directamente vinculados con el cuerpo de Cristo: cálices y patenas, porta hostias, copones y custodias. Las fuentes privilegiadas para esta investigación son los Libros de Visitas llevadas a cabo entre el último cuarto del siglo XV y hacia 1571 en las iglesias bajo la jurisdicción de las órdenes militares de Cristo, Avis y Santiago en Portugal. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran la persistencia de las formas góticas en la orfebrería sacra portuguesa durante el primer cuarto del siglo XVI (e incluso el segundo) pese a la introducción de elementos decorativos "a la romana" desde comienzos de la misma centuria. ; The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between the affirmation of the cult of the Blessed Sacrament starting at the late twelfth century, and the characteristics of the objects directly related to the Body of Our Lord: chalices and patens, communion wafers boxes, ciboria and monstrances. The privileged sources for this research relate to the Visitations Books conducted between the last quarter of the fifteenth century and about 1571 to the churches under the jurisdiction of the Military Orders of Christ, Avis and Santiago, in Portugal. The results of this study demonstrate the survival of Gothic forms in Portuguese sacred jewellery during the first quarter of the sixteenth century (and even second), despite the introduction of the "Roman-style" decorative elements since the early days of this same century.

The article analyzes the newly discovered monuments of the Old-Believer book and artistic culture—fasteners of old printed and manuscript liturgical books of the 18th-19th centuries. In 1990s, these fasteners were kept in a small box in a prayer house of the Old-Believers of the Fedoseevsky community in Novosibirsk. It was strictly forbidden to keep service books open, which is observed up to the present time (explanation: "so as not to defile something unclean"). For this reason, books were closed and snapped into place. Observations of the way of life of the Novosibirsk Old-Believers-Fedoseevites allowed us to conclude that the community members treated not only books, but also metal fasteners as sacred objects. The tradition to snap liturgical books continued to live in the years of the USSR until the end of the 1990s, when the community ceased to exist due to the demolition of the prayer house. As a result of the analysis, the classification of the types offasteners, depending on the shape, ornaments and execution technique, was carried out. Some general patterns of ornamentation of fasteners are identified, possible vectors of cultural contacts that influenced the design (medieval Russia and the Middle East) are indicated, and the author's interpretations of religious meanings imprisoned in the ornaments of these works of applied art are provided. The need to protect objects of worship and everyday life from "evil", the depicted ornamentalfigures allow us to assume precisely the apotropic (protective) purpose of the fasteners under consideration. Paradoxical as it may seem, the discovered materials also make it possible to draw a parallel with the well-known ancient Slavic archaeological materials, attributed by archaeologists to Pagan amulets.

Abstract
Catholic artifacts—images and sculptures of Christ, the Virgin, and various saints, as well as rosaries, crucifixes, and liturgical objects—circulated in their thousands throughout the early modern western Mediterranean. This mobility was largely an indirect byproduct of privateering and human trafficking, which bound together Spain's Mediterranean territories, Morocco, and Ottoman Algiers. The disruptive moment of captivity set these otherwise disparate objects on common trajectories, making it interesting to study them as a category. The article argues that Catholic artifacts played surprising roles in the experience of Catholic captives, renegades, and their Muslim masters, and in the economy of ransom that facilitated the rescue of captives. Against the design of their initial distributors, such objects provided captives, converts, and masters with unexpected affordances, and in so doing helped blur the boundary between the religions, creating new entanglements between members of these groups and Catholic materiality. The argument is developed in three stages. First, the article claims that the surge in captivity following the Spanish-Ottoman truce of 1581 meant that more devotional objects were sent from Spain to Catholics held captive in the Maghrib. Second, it asserts that some of these artifacts ended up serving converts to Islam, while others were plundered by Algerian and Moroccan rulers. Third, the article contends that plunder and repurposing afforded captives the power to redeem an emblem of their God, provided Trinitarians and Mercedarians with opportunities to ransom objects and gain fame back home, and helped Maghribi rulers to secure religious privileges for their subjects enslaved in Spain. Focusing on their mobility demonstrates the degree to which Catholic objects continued to articulate and mediate social, political, and economic relations in the western Mediterranean over the long seventeenth century.

How was the re-emerging Jewish religious practice after 1945 shaped by traditions before the Shoah? To what extent was it influenced by new inspirations through migration and new cultural contacts? By analysing objects like prayer books, musical instruments, Torah scrolls, audio documents and synagogue rooms, this volume shows how the post-war communities created new Jewish musical, architectural and artistic forms while abiding by the tradition.

"This collection forges new ground in the discussion of aristocratic and royal women, their relationships with their objects, and medieval geography. It explores how women's geographic and familial networks spread well beyond the borders that defined men's sense of region and how the movement of their belongings can reveal essential information about how women navigated these often-disparate spaces. Beginning in early medieval Scandinavia, ranging from Byzantium to Rus', and multiple lands in Western Europe up to 1500, the essays span a great spatio-temporal range. Moreover, the types of objects extend from traditionally studied works like manuscripts and sculpture, to liturgical and secular ceremonial instruments, icons, and articles of personal adornment, such as textiles and jewelry, even including shoes"--

Artifacts that have experienced atrocities, even genocide, and survived, acquire the power to recall the horrors of the past, and to recollect the absent persons, things, and places that were lost. They symbolize violence, but also survival and resilience. Material objects that have endured looting, mutilation, displacement, and separation from the communities where they functioned as sacred relics, liturgical aids, or prized artworks form a special category. They aresurvivor objects.

This monograph book offers a new interpretation of northern European art of the fifteenth century. The author presents it as a conglomerate of objects-things which act on the recipient in a specific – material and spatial – way. He analyzes macro-scale objects that impose movement on the viewer, and micro-scale objects that encourage manipulation. Inspired by the anti-anthropocentric concept of "returning to things" (B. Latour, A. Gell and others), the author searches for the "agency of things" in late-medieval art objects, which evoke specific liturgical, devotional, propaganda-political behaviors, or establish the status of social owner of the object that once co-created the network of material and spiritual culture. This methodologically innovative approach is part of the latest research in early art in Western Europe and the United States.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Cultural Stories and Libraries -- The Drill of Discipline -- Materiality, Reading, Representation, and Circulation -- Reading Cultural Objects Over Time -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I Manuscripts as Cultural Objects -- Chapter 2 From Devotional Aids to Antiquarian Objects: The Prayer Books of Medingen -- Introduction -- Prayer Books as Devotional Aids -- Stage 1. 1478. Model Prayer Books -- Stage 2. 1479-1526. The Medingen Scriptorium -- Stage 3. Sixteenth-Century Reformation, Relocation, and Reworking -- Prayer Books as Antiquarian Objects -- Stage 4. Eighteenth-Century Precious Objects -- Stage 5. Nineteenth-Century "Alterthümer" and German Studies -- Stage 6. Twentieth-Century Liturgical Revival and Musicology -- Stage 7. Twenty-First-Century Internationalization and Digitization -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 How to Read the "Andachtsbüchlein aus der Sammlung Bouhier" (Montpellier, BU Médecine, H 396)? On Cultural Techniques Related to a Fourteenth-Century Devotional Manuscript -- Introduction -- Reading as a Cultural Technique -- Decoding the Manuscript's Sign System -- Engaging with the Manuscript as a Devotional Object -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 "Otium et Negotium": Reading Processes in Early Italian and German Humanism -- Introduction -- St Augustine Reading -- Petrarch Reading St Augustine and Boccaccio -- Negotiating Texts in Early German Humanism: The Schedels and Sigmund Gossembrot -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II Prints in Europe -- Chapter 5 The Fluidity of Images or the Compression of Media Diversity in Books: Galeriewerke and Histoires Métalliques -- Introduction -- The Gallery -- Galeriewerke I: The Picture -- Galeriewerke II: Picture and Text -- Galeriewerke III: Antiquities

The text analyzes the mutual relations between the liturgy of sacraments and the most solemn state ceremony in the Republic of Poland, that of swearing-in of the Head of State. Although the latter ceremony is secular, its antecedence should be sought in the religious aspects of the enthronement of European rulers in the Middle Ages. These references make the swearing-in an object of study combining theology and political science. They invite questions about the relation between the religious imagination of a given national community and its political organization as embodied in state ceremonies. The candidate who wins the presidential elections becomes the President of the Polish Republic after their victory is announced by the National Electoral Commission, and after the Supreme Court confirms validity of this result. However, they remain President-Elect until they utter the words of the oath. Therefore, the swearing-in is a public ritual regulated by law which needs to be completed in order to formally commence exercise of the office. The oath, which is spelled out in the Constitution and delivered by the newly elected Head of State, has a performative nature, similar to liturgical formulas. Additionally, it comprises an optional reference to God as witness to the oath delivered. Therefore, the presidential oath is a historically conditioned testimony to public authority, referring to the realm of the sacred.

How was the re-emerging Jewish religious practice after 1945 shaped by traditions before the Shoah? To what extent was it influenced by new inspirations through migration and new cultural contacts? By analysing objects like prayer books, musical instruments, Torah scrolls, audio documents and prayer rooms, this volume shows how the post-war communities created new Jewish musical, architectural and artistic forms while abiding by the tradition. This peer-reviewed volume presents contributions to the conference "Jewish communities in Germany in Transition", held in July 2021, as well as the results of a related research project carried out by two university institutions and two museums: the Bet Tfila - Research Unit for Jewish Architecture (Technische Universität Braunschweig), the European Center for Jewish Music (Hanover University for Music, Drama and Media), the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, and the Jewish Museum Augsburg Swabia. For the first time, post war synagogues in Germany and their objects were researched on a broad and interdisciplinary basis - regarding history of architecture, art history of their furniture and ritual objects as well as liturgy and musicology. The project was funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) during the years 2018 to 2021 in its funding line "The Language of Objects"

"From the images carved and painted to the buildings edified, from liturgical objects to reliquaries and tombs, from books to personal objects of piety, this book reflects the many domains where the relation between materiality and devotion can be a prospect and a problem. It intersects the material, functional, performative, and aesthetic dimensions with the different readings it calls for, the cognitive and emotional apprehensions, the representations (erudite and popular) it associates with, the practices that it sustains, the memories that polarize and legitimize, the powers that were affirmed through it. It discloses the diversity of variants such as wealth and social position, literate training, and gender differences"--

This volume draws on emerging scholarship at the intersection of two already vibrant fields: medieval material culture and medieval sensory experience. The rich potential of medieval matter (most obviously manuscripts and visual imagery, but also liturgical objects, coins, textiles, architecture, graves, etc.) to complement and even transcend purely textual sources is by now well established in medieval scholarship across the disciplines. So, too, attention to medieval sensory experiences—most prominently emotion—has transformed our understanding of medieval religious life and spirituality, violence, power, and authority, friendship, and constructions of both the self and the other. Our purpose in this volume is to draw the two approaches together, plumbing medieval material sources for traces of sensory experience - above all ephemeral and physical experiences that, unlike emotion, are rarely fully described or articulated in texts.