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In Lope's Ferrara, honour is a function of public perception. The Duke has been betrayed but cannot seek justice without making his betrayal public, destroying his reputation and shattering his legitimacy to rule. Only by seeking revenge in private can he keep his honour intact. In this 'politics of recognition', personal identity and public perception are so intertwined that the Duke's every action is mediated by the critical regime to which he is subject. When translating the play for performance in English, translators enact a similar politics: each perceives different phenomena worthy of a fresh approach and each imputes different meanings to what they perceive; this critical gaze directs the course a translation takes. Through the illuminating discourse of the politics of recognition, and using the author's experience of providing a 'literal' translation for the Theatre Royal Bath, it argues for a renewed understanding of the critical dimension of literal translation, as a series of tactical moves and strategic decisions, taken on a private level in the service of public performance.

Puns revolve around two or more semantically incompatible meanings as they are formed by polysemic and homophonic words used in a certain context. According to the incongruity theory of humour, humour is created due to incongruity between expectation and reality. All kinds of puns are based on ambiguity principles. This study aims to describe and compare lexical, phonological, morphological, syntactical and idiomatic puns and literal translations used in the context of Urdu sitcoms "Hum sub Umeed say hain" and "Hasb-e-Haal" by the help of descriptive-analytical method. Five episodes of each sitcom are analyzed. The rational of choosing these programs is that they revolve around important social issues and sensitive political themes to highlight and eradicate those problems. Findings indicate that lexical and idiomatic puns occur the most in our data, whereas morphological ambiguity is present least in number. The cause of ambiguity of more than a quarter of the data is due to literal translations and code switching. Since little work (and none to my knowledge in Urdu) has been done on puns and working of humorous literal translations of words and idioms in the context of sitcom and comedy discourse, this paper can be a linguistic contribution to the areas of media and humour studies.

Most translation theorists agree that source text fidelity results in a translation that aptly transmits the foreign cultural values and meaning embedded within the source language to a target culture. While the preservation of foreignness might be beneficial for the propagation of international artistic diversity, when translating works of popular fiction, domestication is key to a novel's successful incorporation into the target literary system. In popular fiction translation, the goal is accessibility rather than artistic influence or cultural exchange, yet the necessary domestication can be problematic. This article examines the reception of the English-to-French translation of an epic fantasy novel by Clive Barker. Online reviews written by the French-speaking readership describe the translated text as aberrant of Barker's oeuvre and incomprehensible. While it may be easy to dismiss this translation as yet another example of poor translation practices, knowing that the translator, Jean-Daniel Brèque, is an award-winning translator and that he has translated many works by other popular artists such as Stephen King and Dan Simmons points the blame elsewhere. An analysis of Jean-Daniel Brèque's translation of Weaveworld reveals the detrimental effect that strict adherence to the source text can have on the reception of popular literature in translation and affirms that domestication is necessary to transform the source text into a version digestible and understandable by the target audience.

As an important medium for cultural exchange, film has been attracting every nation's attention and thus plays a significant role in cultural exchange. Therefore, the translation of films, with the translating of the titles as the key, is viewed as a direct and easy way of introducing the foreign culture as well as spreading the national culture. A good translated film title not only makes the film more charming but also has its own specific features. The paper first analyses the two primary elements: cultural and language element and nonverbal element, which influence the translation of the film title. Then it presents some main theories on the translation of the film title. Finally it concludes several common methods of translating film titles by abundant examples, which include: literal translation, transliteration, free translation and so on. And this author believes that the phenomenon of one title with several translating versions is acceptable as long as they gain the audiences' satisfaction, the producer's agreement and the government's approval.

In the 1920s the Polish legislature adopted a whole range of normative acts focused on the protection of the Polish language and on sworn translators practicing in official contexts. In accordance with statutory law, since 2004 sworn translators have been considered a profession commanding public trust. Among the many professional duties associated with sworn translators' performance, the regulations emphasize the duty to translate both spoken discourse and written texts with precision and faithfulness, and make sworn translators liable to disciplinary sanctions for poor quality work. The principles and rules for practicing the profession of sworn translator are enumerated in the Professional Sworn Translator's Code of 2018.

In the 1920s the Polish legislature adopted a whole range of normative acts focused on the protection of the Polish language and on sworn translators practicing in official contexts. In accordance with statutory law, since 2004 sworn translators have been considered a profession commanding public trust. Among the many professional duties associated with sworn translators' performance, the regulations emphasize the duty to translate both spoken discourse and written texts with precision and faithfulness, and make sworn translators liable to disciplinary sanctions for poor quality work. The principles and rules for practicing the profession of sworn translator are enumerated in the Professional Sworn Translator's Code of 2018.

Esta tesis indaga acerca de algunos de los aspectos lingüísticos y discursivos presentes en la construcción de la narrativa de la autora chicana Sandra Cisneros (1954-). En contraposición a la literatura canónica, la literatura chicana se define como escritura de minorías. Según G. Deleuze y F. Guattari (1975), una literatura de minorías se caracteriza por la desterritorialización de una lengua mayoritaria a través de su uso en esa literatura, la articulación de loindividual en lo inmediato político y el dispositivo colectivo de enunciación. La obra de S. Cisneros, que se desarrolla principalmente a partir del inglés, pone de manifiesto el contacto entre el español y el inglés de un modo particular. En este trabajo, se analiza el fenómeno del contacto de lenguas vinculado a la traducción literal, cuya presencia se vuelve un rasgo distintivo del estilo de la autora y una estrategia clave para la desterritorialización del lenguaje. En este sentido, la hipótesis central de nuestra investigación indica que bajo la apariencia de una única lengua, el inglés (L1), hay otra lengua, el español (L2), que se manifiesta en la utilización de alguno de sus niveles (léxico-semántico, pragmático, morfosintáctico o gráfico), lo cual contribuye a la desterritorialización de L1 y constituye un caso especial de alternancia de lenguas. Esta hipótesis ha guiado la clasificación del corpus de esta investigación constituido por frases y estructuras que registran cierta fijación,pertenecientes a la colección de relatos Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991). El interés en estas formas reside en que si bien aparecen expresadas en inglés, remiten al español como marco discursivo, acentuando el carácter heterogéneo constitutivo de toda palabra. Dado que la traducción literal no integra los modelos sociolingüísticos revisados (S. Poplack: 1982; C. Myers-Scotton: 1993a y 1993b) y considerando que el contacto de lenguastambién se manifiesta a través de esta operación de traducción, que conforma un punto de heterogeneidad fuerte, fue necesario buscar una teoría lingüísticaque pudiera explicar la complejidad el discurso de Cisneros. Así, la teoría de las heterogeneidades enunciativas (J. Authier-Revuz: 1984, 1995) se presenta como un marco más amplio para el estudio de las marcas de heterogeneidad y desterritorialización en el seno de la narrativa de S. Cisneros. Esta perspectivateórica, que da cuenta de los procesos que se ponen en marcha en la constitución del discurso y atiende, entre otras, la función de las marcas gráficas presentes en el texto escrito, propone un marco más amplio para abordar nuestro objeto. Son dos los objetivos principales de esta investigación: describir la operación de desterritorialización en el interior de este discurso y establecer relaciones entre algunos de los modelos que abordan el estudio de la alternancia de lenguas (S. Poplack: 1982; C. Myers-Scotton: 1993a y 1993b) y la teoría de las heterogeneidades enunciativas propuesta por J. Authier-Revuz (1984, 1995). ; This thesis aims at elucidating some linguistic and discursive regarding theconstruction of Chicana writer Sandra Cisneros's narrative. As opposed to canonical literature, Chicana literature is defined as minority writing. FollowingG. Deleuze and F. Guattari (1975), minority literatures are characterized bythree distinct components: the deterritorialization of a major language used in that literature, a strong political component and the collective value of enunciation. S. Cisneros's fiction, which develops mainly in English, evidences a singular contact between English and Spanish. This dissertation analyzes the phenomenon of code-switching in connection with literal translation, a distinctivefeature of the writer's style and a key strategy towards language deterritorialization. Accordingly, our central hypothesis states that under the apparent presence of one language, English (L1), there is another language, Spanish (L2), which becomes evident in the use of some of its levels (lexical and semantic, pragmatic, morphosyntactic, or graphic), which contributes to thedeterritorialization of L1 and can be regarded as a special case of codeswitching. This hypothesis has guided the classification of our corpus, made up of expressions and structures which can be regarded as fixed or crystallizedforms, which were extracted from the collection Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991). The relevance of studying these forms is that they alludeto Spanish as a discursive frame, even if their expression is worded in English, a fact which highlights the constitutive and heterogeneous condition of discourse. Considering that literal translation is not a component of the sociolinguistic models reviewed (S. Poplack: 1982; C. Myers-Scotton: 1993a and 1993b) and in view of the fact that language contact also reveals through this translational operation, conforming strong sites of heterogeneity, it wasnecessary to look for a more comprehensive linguistic theory to account for the complexity of Cisneros's discourse. Thus, we argue that J. Authier-Revuz's (1984, 1995) theory of enunciative heterogeneity/-ies offers a wider framework to analyze the forms and marks of heterogeneity and deterritorialization in S. Cisneros's narrative. This theoretical perspective, which explains the processes at stake in the constitution of discourse and the function of elements such as typographical marks in the written text, proves adequate to approach our object of study. The two main goals of this thesis are: to describe the operation of deterritorialization in Cisneros's discourse as well as to establish some relations with some of the models which approach the study of code-switching (S. Poplack: 1982; C. Myers-Scotton: 1993a and 1993b) and the theory of enunciative heterogeneity/ies (J. Authier-Revuz: 1984, 1995). ; Tabla de contenidos: Woman Hollering Creek and other stories / Sandra Cisneros. ; Fil: Spoturno, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Esta tesis indaga acerca de algunos de los aspectos lingüísticos y discursivos presentes en la construcción de la narrativa de la autora chicana Sandra Cisneros (1954-). En contraposición a la literatura canónica, la literatura chicana se define como escritura de minorías. Según G. Deleuze y F. Guattari (1975), una literatura de minorías se caracteriza por la desterritorialización de una lengua mayoritaria a través de su uso en esa literatura, la articulación de loindividual en lo inmediato político y el dispositivo colectivo de enunciación. La obra de S. Cisneros, que se desarrolla principalmente a partir del inglés, pone de manifiesto el contacto entre el español y el inglés de un modo particular. En este trabajo, se analiza el fenómeno del contacto de lenguas vinculado a la traducción literal, cuya presencia se vuelve un rasgo distintivo del estilo de la autora y una estrategia clave para la desterritorialización del lenguaje. En este sentido, la hipótesis central de nuestra investigación indica que bajo la apariencia de una única lengua, el inglés (L1), hay otra lengua, el español (L2), que se manifiesta en la utilización de alguno de sus niveles (léxico-semántico, pragmático, morfosintáctico o gráfico), lo cual contribuye a la desterritorialización de L1 y constituye un caso especial de alternancia de lenguas. Esta hipótesis ha guiado la clasificación del corpus de esta investigación constituido por frases y estructuras que registran cierta fijación,pertenecientes a la colección de relatos Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991). El interés en estas formas reside en que si bien aparecen expresadas en inglés, remiten al español como marco discursivo, acentuando el carácter heterogéneo constitutivo de toda palabra. Dado que la traducción literal no integra los modelos sociolingüísticos revisados (S. Poplack: 1982; C. Myers-Scotton: 1993a y 1993b) y considerando que el contacto de lenguastambién se manifiesta a través de esta operación de traducción, que conforma un punto de heterogeneidad fuerte, fue necesario buscar una teoría lingüísticaque pudiera explicar la complejidad el discurso de Cisneros. Así, la teoría de las heterogeneidades enunciativas (J. Authier-Revuz: 1984, 1995) se presenta como un marco más amplio para el estudio de las marcas de heterogeneidad y desterritorialización en el seno de la narrativa de S. Cisneros. Esta perspectivateórica, que da cuenta de los procesos que se ponen en marcha en la constitución del discurso y atiende, entre otras, la función de las marcas gráficas presentes en el texto escrito, propone un marco más amplio para abordar nuestro objeto. Son dos los objetivos principales de esta investigación: describir la operación de desterritorialización en el interior de este discurso y establecer relaciones entre algunos de los modelos que abordan el estudio de la alternancia de lenguas (S. Poplack: 1982; C. Myers-Scotton: 1993a y 1993b) y la teoría de las heterogeneidades enunciativas propuesta por J. Authier-Revuz (1984, 1995). ; This thesis aims at elucidating some linguistic and discursive regarding theconstruction of Chicana writer Sandra Cisneros's narrative. As opposed to canonical literature, Chicana literature is defined as minority writing. FollowingG. Deleuze and F. Guattari (1975), minority literatures are characterized bythree distinct components: the deterritorialization of a major language used in that literature, a strong political component and the collective value of enunciation. S. Cisneros's fiction, which develops mainly in English, evidences a singular contact between English and Spanish. This dissertation analyzes the phenomenon of code-switching in connection with literal translation, a distinctivefeature of the writer's style and a key strategy towards language deterritorialization. Accordingly, our central hypothesis states that under the apparent presence of one language, English (L1), there is another language, Spanish (L2), which becomes evident in the use of some of its levels (lexical and semantic, pragmatic, morphosyntactic, or graphic), which contributes to thedeterritorialization of L1 and can be regarded as a special case of codeswitching. This hypothesis has guided the classification of our corpus, made up of expressions and structures which can be regarded as fixed or crystallizedforms, which were extracted from the collection Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991). The relevance of studying these forms is that they alludeto Spanish as a discursive frame, even if their expression is worded in English, a fact which highlights the constitutive and heterogeneous condition of discourse. Considering that literal translation is not a component of the sociolinguistic models reviewed (S. Poplack: 1982; C. Myers-Scotton: 1993a and 1993b) and in view of the fact that language contact also reveals through this translational operation, conforming strong sites of heterogeneity, it wasnecessary to look for a more comprehensive linguistic theory to account for the complexity of Cisneros's discourse. Thus, we argue that J. Authier-Revuz's (1984, 1995) theory of enunciative heterogeneity/-ies offers a wider framework to analyze the forms and marks of heterogeneity and deterritorialization in S. Cisneros's narrative. This theoretical perspective, which explains the processes at stake in the constitution of discourse and the function of elements such as typographical marks in the written text, proves adequate to approach our object of study. The two main goals of this thesis are: to describe the operation of deterritorialization in Cisneros's discourse as well as to establish some relations with some of the models which approach the study of code-switching (S. Poplack: 1982; C. Myers-Scotton: 1993a and 1993b) and the theory of enunciative heterogeneity/ies (J. Authier-Revuz: 1984, 1995). ; Tabla de contenidos: Woman Hollering Creek and other stories / Sandra Cisneros. ; Fil: Spoturno, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.