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This article examines the current status of Chinese as a heritage language (CHL) in the United States, referring to the Capacity-Opportunity-Desire (COD) framework (Grin, 1990, 2003; LoBianco, 2008). After briefly describing the linguistic profile of Chinese immigrants in the United States, the current status and future prospects of CHL in the United States are discussed. Thearticle concludes that a wide variety of programs are available to CHLspeakers, compared to those available decades ago. However, heritage speakers' capacity in Chinese will be developed only when they have opportunities to use thelanguage and a desire to learn it.

"This book examines traditional theories of linguistic vitality in the context of subcultural languages. It argues that traditional methods of investigating linguistic vitality are, according to existing literature, not as reliable as they appear and therefore limited in their testability. The author looks at themes such as the relationships between language and culture, ethnicity within the scope of sociolinguistics, and the notion of ideolinguistic vitality where traditional views intersect with more contextually current ones. She also highlights the importance of studying the nature and principles of subcultural languages which help better inform our understanding of the superdiverse linguistic world. The volume makes a major contribution to modern sociolinguistics by offering a detailed account of developing a unique measuring instrument to gauge the vitality of subcultural languages, which is applicable to more than just subcultural linguistics. An indispensable text in the study of ethnolinguistic vitality, the book will be of interest to students and researchers of sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, identity theory, philology, language and literature, cultural studies, and postcolonial studies"--

Cover -- Titelei -- Impressum -- Inhaltsverzeichnis / Contents -- Introduction Phenomenology: The Open -- Phenomenology and Linguistic Analysis -- My Way into Phenomenology -- Der Sinn des Unscheinbaren. Eugen Finks Leitfäden einer Phänomenologie der Lebenswelt -- Heidegger's Ambiguous Transformation of Husserl's Phenomenology -- Know Thyself On Possibility of a Medial Phenomenology -- Science of Man in Heidegger. A Phenomenological Approach -- Intermediate Phenomena -- Der Begriff »Kraft« als Stichwort der philosophischen Anthropologien von Max Scheler und Edith Stein -- Husserls Phänomenologie gegen den Anthropologismus und als philosophische Anthropologie -- Die Aktualität des phänomenologischen Begriffs der Lebenswelt in Gadamers Hermeneutik -- Phenomenology and Deconstruction Notes for a Thinking on Limitrophy -- Intentionality and its Objects Tim Crane's Philosophical Project and Phenomenology -- The Paradigm of Gesture Merleau-Ponty's Understanding of Language -- Phenomenology as an Exercise of "Bodenlosigkeit" -- Phenomenological Metaphysics of the World Eugen Fink's Meontic -- Beyond Arendt's "State of Nature" Toward a Normalized Phenomenological Approach to Human Rights -- Phänomenologie als Oikologie.

This article explores the linguistic and sociocultural situation of the Terek Kumyk linguistic community. Data for the study was collected in the fieldwork expedition in August 2023 in the village of Predgornoye (Mozdok district, North Ossetia - Alania). Vitality of Terek Kumyk is assessed through the age dynamics of Kumyk-Russian bilingualism. For seven age groups, their bilingual and sociocultural profiles have been identified. Linguistic generalizations were supplemented by the ethnological evidence demonstrating the role of Kumyk in establishing ethnic identity of the community. The study has demonstrated a relatively high status of Kumyk, with intergenerational transmission being full retained.

This article explores the linguistic and sociocultural situation of the Terek Kumyk linguistic community. The data for the study have been collected in the fieldwork expedition in August 2023 in the village of Predgornoye (Mozdok district, North Ossetia - Alania). The vitality of Terek Kumyk is assessed through the age dynamics of Kumyk-Russian bilingualism. In the study, 108 native speakers representing seven age groups have been interviewed. For each group, its bilingual and sociocultural profiles have been identified.

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Languages Heal -- Chapter 3. Languages Inform -- Chapter 4. Reasons for Endangerment -- Chapter 5. Supporting Linguistic Vitality -- Chapter 6. Methods in Language Documentation and Description -- Chapter 7. Linguistic Fieldwork Contributing to Documentation -- Chapter 8. Impact of Language Documentation.

This paper discusses the vitality of the Welsh language. English is one major causation for the reduction of Welshspeakers in Wales over the past two centuries. Welsh phonetic mutation, which is a cross-linguistic irregularity,has become undesirable, and is thus becoming a linguistic feature of the past. Metatypy between English and Welsh has begun to influence the morphosyntactic and phonemic features of Welsh. In an effort to revitalize Welsh, the Welsh government implemented a new language policy and plan (LPP) titled "Cymraeg 2050." A proposed differential equation model could be used to forecast the success of Cymraeg 2050 by assuming different social-status values for English and Welsh. Finally, the nine factors developed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the four factors of the Language Endangerment Index (LEI) are calculated to determine that Welsh is classified somewhere between vulnerable and endangered.

The United States is home to the second largest population of Spanish speakers in the world. This demographic presence translates into high levels of capacity, opportunity, and desire for U.S. Spanish. However, as this paper illustrates, the long-term sustainability of Spanish in the United States remains uncertain due to a number of factors, notably (a) declining immigration rates from the Spanish-speaking world, (b) low rates of intergenerational transmission among U.S. Latinos, and (c) negative attitudes surrounding Spanish and U.S. Latinos. The discussion points to linguistic resilience as a particularly important tool for combating the latter two factors.

The article offers a comprehensive assessment of the linguistic viability of Russian as a heritage language in the United States, following a framework that provides three factors involved in promoting language vitality (Lo Bianco, 2008a, 2008b): capacity, the level of knowledge that heritage speakers of Russian have in the heritage language and the factors that create conditions for development of such capacity; opportunities for the use of Russian in different domains and contexts; and heritage learner motivations and desire for continued use of Russian and for developing the skills necessary for its maintenance and transmission

AbstractWe review the current status of Francoprovençal (FP) in all regions where it is spoken. This article is the first of its kind, in that it reports on FP in both Europe and North America (for the latter this is the first demographic report). Figures cited for speaker numbers are therefore speculative. For each region, we present an overview of the linguistic history, current glottopolitical status of FP and demographic information. We describe each variety's vitality, using Brenzinger et al.'s (2003,Language vitality and endangerment. Paris: UNESCO Expert Meeting on Safeguarding Endangered Languages) UNESCO scale.