Suchergebnisse

written by Sarah C. Richardson ; illustrations by George V. Wills

Major campuses in Virginia will soon face transportation problems from the expected twenty - five percent increase in the student population in the year 2001. The sudden increase in the number of students will be caused by the 'baby bommers' children - the 'bommlets' who will be seeking higher education opportunities at colleges and universities. The large university of Virginia Tech and the adjoining town of Blacksburg must work in cooperation with planners, developers and government agencies for the projected increases in off-campus housing and transportation demands. This project is a study into the transportation issues and land use changes associated with developing a Personal Rapid Transit system (PRT) and the projected off-campus student housing increases that will effect Blacksburg and Virginia Tech after the year 2000. PRT is a transportation system that moves people in separately operating vehicles that travel on a guideway. Vehicles "float" on an air cushion as horizontal side - wheels move the electrically run vehicle along the guideway. Each vehicle is computer operated from a control station and is user demand - responsive for passenger destination requests. Transportation service is available all the time by user demand that makes travel more convenient than other modes of commuter transit. ; Bachelor of Landscape Architecture

The 2013 Virginia General Assembly convened January 9 and adjourned February 23. The reconvened session for the General Assembly to consider vetoes or amendments by the governorwas held April 3. During the session, the Assembly considered 2899 measures along with amendments to the 2012-14 biennial state budget. In this article, Virginia Water Central lists 143 measures in the 2013 Assembly (including nine budget or appropriations-process bills) dealing with water resources directly or indirectly. The list comes from the Legislative Information System (LIS) Web site, at http://leg1.state.va.us, in the categories indicated by sub-headings below. Bill summaries were also taken from LIS (edited in some cases for space or clarity). Bills are listed under only one category, even if LIS listed them more than once. The categories searched and the bills listed include all those with direct water relevance (such as bills in the Water and Sewer Systems category) as well as those with a potential or indirect relevance to water (such as bills dealing with land conservation and energy-efficiency, two activities that ultimately affect water resources). Water Centrals list below does not necessarily include all bills that potentially affect Virginias water resources. Within each category, bills are listed in order of their bill number, using the following abbreviations: HB = bill started in House of Delegates; HJ = joint resolution started in the House; SB = bill started in the Senate; and SJ = joint resolution started in the Senate. Numbers in the left-hand column have been added by Water Central for cross- referencing among the bills. A table at the end of the article lists several topics and bills from the 2013 Assembly that received attention in various news media. For a selection of online news articles about water-related legislation in the 2013 Assembly, please visit the Virginia Water Central News Grouper at http://vawatercentralnewsgrouper.wordpress.com/category/2013-virginia-general-assembly/.

The 2014 Virginia General Assembly (online at http://virginiageneralassembly.gov/) convened January 9 and adjourned March 8. During the session, the Assembly considered 2899 measures, the proposed biennial budget for 2014-16, and amendments to the 2012-14 budget. The General Assembly was not able to agree on a biennial budget during the regular session, so a special session convened on March 24, 2014, and amendments for the 2012-14 budget were passed that day and approved by the governor on April 1. After several weeks of disagreements among the House of Delegates, Senate, and the governor, on June 23 the budget for the upcoming biennium received final approval. The normal reconvened sessionfor the General Assembly to consider vetoes or amendments by the governorwas held April 23. In this article, Virginia Water Central lists 161 measures in the 2014 Assembly (including six budget bills) dealing with water resources directly or indirectly. The list comes from the Legislative Information System (LIS) Web site, at http://leg1.state.va.us, in the categories indicated by sub-headings below. Bill summaries were also taken from LIS (edited in some cases for space or clarity). Bills are listed under only one category, even if LIS listed them more than once. The categories searched and the bills listed include all those with direct water relevance (such as bills in the Water and Sewer Systems category) as well as those with a potential or indirect relevance to water (such as bills dealing with land conservation and energy- efficiency, two activities that ultimately affect water resources). Water Centrals list below does not necessarily include all bills that potentially affect Virginias water resources. Within each category, bills are listed in order of their bill number, using the following abbreviations: HB = bill started in House of Delegates; HJ = joint resolution started in the House; SB = bill started in the Senate; and SJ = joint resolution started in the Senate. Numbers in the left-hand column have been added by Water Central for cross-referencing among the bills. A box at the end of the article lists several topics and bills from the 2014 Assembly that received attention in various news media. For a selection of online news articles about water-related legislation in the 2014 Assembly, please visit the Virginia Water Central News Grouper at http://vawatercentralnewsgrouper.wordpress.com/category/2014-virginia-general-assembly/.

Physical spaces are a critical component for a sound human education, the true mission of universities. History has demonstrated that the most relevant paradigms have been generated under two essential influences: the human imprint, in terms of the affective conditioning of exemplary cases, placing the core of the educational activity in the human being, and spatial projection, where institutions have shown their intentions, centripetal or centrifugal, encompassing both inner areas or those belonging to the urban and social context. This article sets out an interpretation of exemplary university cases: quadrangle, yard, and campus, as identified in some historical institutions: Emmanuel College (Cambridge, England), Harvard College, College of William & Mary, Union College, University of Virginia, and Stanford University (in the USA). Through an innovative reading of their genesis and evolution, their seats are interpreted as inhabited landscapes, remarking the notion of university architectural bodies as spaces of interaction between people and landscape.

Carroll County is located in Southwestern Virginia. It is bordered by Patrick County to the southeast, Floyd County to the east, Pulaski and Wythe Counties to the north, Grayson County and the City of Galax to the west, and Surry County, North Carolina to the south. The Town of Hillsville is the countys Seat of Government and lies near the geographic center of the county. Interstate 77, which runs from Ohio to South Carolina- a distance of 611 miles- divides the county in half. Carroll County is the first County in Virginia to become designated through the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) for sponsored landscaping around all of the interstate interchanges on I-77 in the County. The four interchanges, listed from north to south, include: Exit 19 (Wildwood), 14 (Hillsville/Galax), 8 (Fancy Gap), 1 (not named). VDOT requires a design for each of the interchanges, so the County contacted the Community Design Assistance Center to develop an overall theme that could be applied to all 1-77 Carroll County interchanges as well as to develop a conceptual landscape design for Exit 19. ; Cover title. ; CDAC project team: Elizabeth Gilboy, director; Kim Steika, Jordan Clough, Mara Grossman, I. Caroline Wallace. ; "July 2009."

From sites as materials to landscape as process / Steve Brown and Cari Goetcheus -- From preservation to change management and transformation / Steve Brown -- From culture and nature as separate to interconnected naturecultures / Steve Brown -- From difficult dualisms to entangled complexity / Steve Brown -- Global doctrines and regional approaches / Cari Goetcheus -- The polar regions / Michael Pearson and Susan Barr -- Russian cultural landscape policy and practice / Nargiz Aituganova -- A Southern African cultural landscape approach : the Stellenbosch heritage inventory / Liana Jansen and Marike Franklin -- The legal and legislative framework of the cultural landscapes of North Africa and Southwest Asia / Andrew Burton Anderson and Michal Wosiński -- A critique on policies related to cultural landscapes in India / Nupur Prothi Khanna -- Cultural Landscapes in northeast Asia / Roland Chih-Hung Lin, Akane Nakamura, and Chunyan Zhang -- Central Asian cultural landscapes : practices and policies / Ona Vileikis and Dmitriy Voyakin -- Cultural Landscapes in southeast Asia / Roland Chih-Hung Lin, Montira Horayangura Unakul, and Moe Chiba -- Australian cultural landscape approaches / Caitlin Allen -- Europe : and its landscape convention / Graham Fairclough -- Cultural landscapes in Latin America and the Caribbean / Cesar Augusto Velandia Silva, Luis Ignacio Gómez Arriola, Isabel Rigol Savio, Diana Marcela Cifuentes Monsalve, and Virginia Lucrecia Laboranti -- Cultural landscape policy and practice in Canada / John Zvonar -- United States of American cultural landscape policy and practice / Cari Goetcheus -- Cultural landscapes : toward an integrated management framework / Steve Brown -- Identifying cultural landscapes : the indigenous cultural landscape of Taputapuatea and the historic goldmining landscape of central Victoria / Anita Smith and Susan Lawrence -- Documenting cultural landscapes / Liz Sargent -- Assessing the heritage significance of landscapes : some reflections from Australia / Kristal Buckley -- Social value : identifying, documenting, assessing community connections / Chris Johnston -- A legal framework for cultural landscape protection utilising the United States as an example / James K. Reap and Eve Errikson -- Stewardship of cultural landscapes : management and governance / Jessica Brown and Nora Mitchell -- Presenting cultural landscapes : getting to the truth of ourselves? / Sharon Veale

This article reviews the key environmental developments at the federal and state levels during the period from June 1996 to June 1998. Legislation and judicial decisions are presented topically. Certain issues, such as public participation and environmental justice, are playing an increasing role and will likely impact all media.

Federal and Virginia courts and legislatures acted on a wide variety of environmental issues and topics in the June 1995 to June 1996 period. This article reviews the key environmental developments at the federal and state level from that period involving air, water, waste, Superfund, wetlands, and environmentally related constitutional, land use, and property tort law.

With 77 species, the mussel fauna of Virginia is one of the most diverse in the United States. Fifty-four species or ~70% of the state's mussel fauna occurs in the rivers of the upper Tennessee River basin, especially in the Clinch and Powell rivers of southwestern Virginia. An additional 23 species reside in rivers of the Atlantic Slope, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, James and Chowan basins, and in the New River, a major tributary to the Ohio River. A total of 39 species or 51% of Virginia's mussel fauna is listed as federally endangered, state endangered or state threatened. Excess sediment, nutrients and various types of pollutants entering streams from agriculture and industries are the main drivers of imperilment. Freshwater mussels reproduce in a specialized way, one that requires a fish to serve as a host to their larvae, called glochidia, allowing the larvae to metamorphose to the juvenile stage. This extra step in their life cycle uniquely defines mussels among bivalve mollusks worldwide, in freshwater or marine environments, and adds significant complexity to their reproductive biology. Further, they utilize "lures" that mimic prey of fishes to attract their host. Mussels rely on their fish host to provide them with long-distance dispersal and nutrition while they are glochidia, which are small (<0.5 mm) ecto-parasites that attach and encyst on the gills and fins of fishes, typically taking weeks to months to metamorphose, excyst and then drop-away as similar-sized juveniles to the stream bottom where they grow into adults. Adult mussels are mostly sedentary animals living in the benthos, i.e., the bottom of streams and lakes, typically in mixed substrates of sand, gravel and fine sediments. Mussels generally filter suspended organic particles <20 µm from the water column but can also filter deposited particles through the shell-gap when burrowed in the benthos. Further, the adults of most species are long-lived, regularly living 25-50 years or longer in freshwater environments throughout North America. Conservation of freshwater mussels in Virginia will require citizens, nongovernmental organizations, local, county, state and federal governments to apply their resources to five main areas: (1) water quality monitoring and regulation enforcement, (2) restoration of stream habitat, (3) restoration of mussel populations, (4) educating the public about the importance and status of mussels, and (5) monitoring and research to understand why mussels are declining and what are the best ways to protect them. Sustained long-term efforts in these five areas offers the greatest potential to conserve freshwater mussels throughout Virginia.

Water shortages are now affecting half the worlds population, disrupting food and energy security as well as urban water supplies in many cities. The overuse of water and associated drying of rivers, lakes, and aquifers has become a leading cause of freshwater species imperilment. Climate change forecasts foretell even greater challenges in many water-scarce regions. These threats to our water future can be ameliorated, but it will require bold and concerted action on the part of governments, city leaders, and farmers. This presentation will highlight the key solutions that must be implemented. Brian Richter has been a global leader in water science and conservation for more than 25 years. He is the Chief Scientist for the Global Water Program of The Nature Conservancy, an international conservation organization, where he promotes sustainable water use and management with governments, corporations, and local communities. He is also the President of Sustainable Waters, a global water education organization. Brian has consulted on more than 120 water projects worldwide. He serves as a water advisor to some of the worlds largest corporations, investment banks, and the United Nations, and has testified before the U.S. Congress on multiple occasions. He also teaches a course on Water Sustainability at the University of Virginia. Brian has developed numerous scientific tools and methods to support river protection and restoration efforts, including the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration software that is being used by water managers and scientists worldwide. Brian was featured in a BBC documentary with David Attenborough on How Many People Can Live on Planet Earth? He has published many scientific papers on the importance of ecologically sustainable water management in international science journals, and co-authored a book with Sandra Postel entitled Rivers for Life: Managing Water for People and Nature (Island Press, 2003). His new book, Chasing Water: A Guide for Moving from Scarcity to Sustainability, was published by Island Press in June 2014. - National Geographic, http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/author/brichter/ ; Virginia Tech. Global Change Center ; Virginia Tech. Virginia Water Resources Research Center

Hunters are killing gray wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains in numbers not seen since the animals were driven to near extinction in the continental United States in the 20th century. The killing of more than 500 wolves in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming in recent months—including nearly 20% of the wolves that sometimes range outside of Yellowstone National Park—threatens to undermine a decades-old effort to restore the predators to the landscape and disrupt a long-term Yellowstone research project that has produced influential findings on how wolves help shape ecosystems. Researchers and conservation groups are calling on government officials to rethink the hunts, which have eliminated about 16% of the wolves living in the three states.

We conducted a regional‐scale integrated ecological and human health risk assessment by applying the relative risk model with Bayesian networks (BN‐RRM) to a case study of the South River, Virginia mercury‐contaminated site. Risk to four ecological services of the South River (human health, water quality, recreation, and the recreational fishery) was evaluated using a multiple stressor–multiple endpoint approach. These four ecological services were selected as endpoints based on stakeholder feedback and prioritized management goals for the river. The BN‐RRM approach allowed for the calculation of relative risk to 14 biotic, human health, recreation, and water quality endpoints from chemical and ecological stressors in five risk regions of the South River. Results indicated that water quality and the recreational fishery were the ecological services at highest risk in the South River. Human health risk for users of the South River was low relative to the risk to other endpoints. Risk to recreation in the South River was moderate with little spatial variability among the five risk regions. Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis identified stressors and other parameters that influence risk for each endpoint in each risk region. This research demonstrates a probabilistic approach to integrated ecological and human health risk assessment that considers the effects of chemical and ecological stressors across the landscape.

Opportunities for Using Ecological Models for Resource Management -- Examples of Using Ecological Models for Resource Management -- Modeling for Endangered-Species Recovery: Gray Wolves in the Western Great Lakes Region -- Modeling Fish Entrainment and Impingement Impacts: Bridging Science and Policy -- Large-Scale Regional Assessments: Lessons Learned from the Southern Appalachian Assessment -- Key Issues -- Overcoming Barriers to the Use of Models in Environmental Decision Making -- Barriers to the Use of Ecological Models in Decision Making -- Network Theory: An Evolving Approach to Landscape Conservation -- Evolving Approaches and Technologies to Enhance the Role of Ecological Modeling in Decision Making -- Data and Information Issues in Modeling for Resource Management Decision Making: Communication Is the Key -- Effective Ecological Modeling for Use in Management Decisions: Data Issues -- Effective Use of Ecological Modeling in Management: The Toolkit Concept -- Role of Computational Toolkits in Environmental Management -- Science and Management Investments Needed to Enhance the Use of Ecological Modeling in Decision Making -- Educational Investments in Environmental Science and Management -- Finale -- What in the World Is Worth Fighting for? Using Models for Environmental Security -- New Directions in Ecological Modeling for Resource Management.