Suchergebnisse

European rural landscapes face today several changes, which might indicate that an ongoing transition process is taking place. While these transition processes have been mainly addressed for Western Europe and landscapes dominated by intensive agriculture, they remain to be understood in Southern Europe, where large areas are occupied by extensive farming systems, maintaining a distinctive landscape character. However in Mediterranean areas, new ways of managing the land arise, no longer by the conventional farmers alone but also by a multiplicity of other land managers. Nevertheless, the dominant discourse in the farm sector, both in politics and in individuals, is still focused on production. Therefore to better assess the potential of land managers to adapt to changes and to meet the expectations that society articulates towards the farming sector, a description of the land managers' diversity deserves a renewed attention. A number of questions remain unanswered or only partially answered. Which land managers are contributing more to the changes happening? Which are the drivers that encourage or prevent innovation and changes in the holdings? Do all farmers behave in the same way? Does the attitudes-thoughts get translated into actual behavior-actions? In order to answer these questions a land managers' typology anchored on the multifunctional transition framework is proposed. It aims to understand which land manager type contributes more to the multifunctional transition bounded by non-productivist and productivist strategies in place. This typology exploits the combination between the behaviors-action in the holding and the expressed attitudes-thoughts. To achieve this typology, 373 questionnaires were completed by land managers in South Portugal. Results reveal in some cases inconsistencies between land managers attitudes and their action, in an opposite sense to what has been earlier identified in Northwestern Europe, and reflecting the heterogeneity of Mediterranean agriculture and land ownership. Thus, an understanding of the land managers types will lead us to a better understanding of what are land managers looking for in the landscape they use. This knowledge can support better oriented policies and management decision, certainly more easily accepted by land managers since their views, behaviors, attitudes and opinions are taken in consideration

AbstractThis article describes a new initiative by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the Association for Biodiversity Information (ABI), working in cooperation with several federal agencies, to improve the quality and quantity of information on species and ecological communities necessary for informed and effective environmental analysis. Known as the Multi‐Jurisdictional Dataset (MJD) Project, the effort will establish a centralized comprehensive resource of U.S. and Canadian species and vegetative community data. In some cases, data will be available at varying levels of detail via the Internet. To date, funding has been provided by the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The article concludes with descriptions of specific examples of the usefulness of the proposed MJD products by federal agencies and presents an agenda for future action.

AbstractThis article introduces the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 (NAGPRA)
and outlines basic compliance procedures for most federal agency land managers. NAGPRA is actually civil rights
law, but federal cultural or natural resource managers generally are assigned responsibility for NAGPRA compliance
within affected agencies. The Act deals only with "NAGPRA objects," defined in NAGPRA as Native
American human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony. NAGPRA has three
basic parts. The first deals with collections under federal control or in museums prior to 1990. The second deals
with intentional removal or inadvertent discovery of NAGPRA objects. The third deals with criminal penalties for
illegal trafficking in NAGPRA objects. This article addresses only the first two parts, with the primary focus on
the second part; that is, processes required and recommended for intentional removal and inadvertent
discovery of NAGPRA objects on federal lands. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The analysis of scientific researches concerning professional training and qualification certification of engineers-land surveyors in Ukraine and abroad is carried out. The need to study, borrow the experience of one of the countries of the European Union and further adapt this certification in Ukraine is substantiated.Qualification requirements for certification of land surveying engineers in Ukraine and Poland are considered. A comparison of the qualification exam for a certified land surveyor is given. An analysis of the comparison of similar and different indicators for obtaining a certificate of land surveying engineer in Ukraine and Poland. Emphasis is placed on the quality of qualification selection of certified land surveyors.The proposals in the revision of the requirements for obtaining a qualification certificate of a land surveyor in Ukraine are given. In the future, the revision of the qualification certification requirements will help create objective equal opportunities for land relations specialists, improve the quality of land management documentation, as well as facilitate the adaptation of certification with our western neighbors - the European Union.Key words: certificate of land surveyor, certification, land management, surveying engineers, foreign experience, professional practice. ; Проведено аналіз наукових досліджень щодо професійної підготовки і кваліфікаційної сертифікації інженерів-землевпорядників, інженерів-геодезистів в Україні та за кордоном. Обґрунтовано потребу у вивченні, запозиченні досвіду однієї із країн Європейського Союзу та в подальшій адаптації даної сертифікації в Україні. Розглянуто кваліфікаційні вимоги для отримання сертифікації інженерів-землевпорядників, інженерів-геодезистів в Україні та Польщі. Наведено порівняння проведення кваліфікаційного іспиту на сертифікованого інженера-землевпорядника. Проведено аналіз порівняння схожих та відмінних показників щодо отримання сертифікату інженера-землевпорядника, інженера-геодезиста в Україні та Польщі. Акцентовано увагу на питанні якості проведення кваліфікаційного відбору сертифікованих інженерів-землевпорядників, інженера-геодезиста.Наведено пропозиції у перегляді вимог при отриманні кваліфікаційного сертифікату інженера-землевпорядника в Україні. В подальшому перегляд вимог кваліфікаційної сертифікації сприятиме створенню об'єктивних рівних можливостей фахівцям земельних відносин, покращенню якості у розробленні документації із землеустрою, а також адаптації сертифікації із нашими західними сусідами - країнами Європейського Союзу.Ключові слова: сертифікат інженера-землевпорядника, інженер-геодезист, сертифікація, землеустрій, закордонний досвід, професійна практика.

Abstract
Sagebrush ecosystems have endured fragmentation and degradation from multiple disturbances. Climate change poses an additional threat that can exacerbate current stresses. Web-based climate applications can provide information to help land managers prepare for challenges. To develop useful and usable tools for land managers' needs, the collaboration of scientist, web tool developer, and user is needed. Climate scientists and web tool developers at Conservation Biology Institute (CBI) worked with Oregon and Idaho Bureau of Land Management (BLM) sagebrush land managers assessing managers' needs and defining criteria for useful and usable web-based climate applications. During phone interviews, land managers evaluated a series of climate-related web applications and provided insight on how future applications can best meet their needs. They identified climate variables associated with their management activities, such as the seasonality of precipitation and temperature. They provided feedback about website accessibility, terminology, climate model description, spatial and temporal scale appropriateness, graphics effectiveness, and general content credibility and consistency. Managers are interested in changes in climate, but also in climate change impacts, such as vegetation shifts. Managers need seasonal and multiannual weather forecasts for routine activities and 10–20-yr climate projections for planning exercises, but currently an information gap exists between available weather forecasts (≤12 months) and climate projections (30-yr averages). It was also found that scientific jargon contributes to misunderstandings and misinterpretation of climate information, and this study confirmed the need for better climate science education, through enhanced explanation and collaborative efforts that promote understanding and use of existing web applications.