Suchergebnisse

During the Democratic Kampuchea regime (1975-79), all cadastral records were destroyed. This disrupted continuity of land titling and caused many uncertainties. Currently there are a range of laws relating to land ownership that must be considered in the context of allocating demined land to beneficiaries. It is important that beneficiaries are able to secure legal title to the land they are allocated, to ensure their future security and long term benefits of the demining process overall. Therefore, the objective of this research is to pave the way for Austcare to develop a procedure or procedures to integrate the relevant legal instruments into the overall demining and land allocation process. The intended goal is the clear land allocationand titling of land for the poor population living in mine affected areas.

This research investigates the role of land titling and registration in economic development with the aim of adding knowledge by: (i) extending economic analysis from a sector to a macro level and across many countries; (ii) establishing the feasibility of applying a cost-benefit analysis to public investment in land registration; and (iii) deepening understanding of government regulations that restrict land transactions and, consequently, limit potential economic benefits of land registration. It addresses three questions: (i) whether land registration affects financial development; (ii) whether land registration affects economic growth; and (iii) whether public investment in land registration generates an economic rate of return higher than the opportunity cost of capital. The first two questions are addressed inconclusively with cross sectional regression techniques, due to econometric problems. The third question is addressed, with positive findings, using a case study of the Thailand land titling programme. In addition to the three questions, the study reviews government regulations on land transactions, using Cambodia and Philippines as case studies, and finds that they are considerable in number and, at least in the Philippines where they are enforced, are found to restrict land transactions with adverse effects on the potential economic benefits of land registration.

Substantial variety exists among systems of land and business formalization both over time and across countries. For instance, England relied on private titling and delayed land registration for centuries. In contrast, early on, its American colonies imported land recordation and its Australian colonies land registration. Similarly, in most of the world, governments used to allow voluntary land titling, in which owners decide whether they register their land. Recently, however, governments and international agencies have more often opted for universal titling, aiming to register all the land in a certain region. This paper critically examines these strategies, analyzing the costs and benefits of the two main decisions: whether to create a public titling system or to rely exclusively on private titling, and the choice between voluntary and universal titling. It concludes that universal titling is seldom optimal. In particular, it argues that lack of titling is more a consequence than a cause of poverty.

Many countries of the Third World entered the fourth quarter of the 20th century essentially without having experienced the change in the structure of rural landholding that is part of the so-called liberal revolution. State sanction of titles to land, conferring on its holders the right to use and transfer it within legal limits, is widely recognized to have played a key role in the penetration of the capitalist mode of production into precapitalist agriculture. This article assesses the titling program in Honduras, suggesting that it is likely to exacerbate the tendencies toward differentiation characteristic of such development

Abstract
This study quantifies the less salient yet important impacts of land titling on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) in the context of Vietnam. Exploiting the within-plot variation in titling status, we find that land titling is positively associated with the implementation of SAPs. Specifically, being given formal titles to land makes Vietnamese rural households 6.58, 3.65, and 1.97 percentage points more likely to invest in soil-water conservation, adopt crop rotation, and leave the land fallow, respectively. These estimates represent increases of 8.7, 20.9, and 2 % compared to the sample averages, respectively. Given the substantial stress on the agricultural system generated by conventional farming, raising the adoption of SAPs could improve food security and alleviate hunger. Our findings also imply that strengthening land property rights through land titling can help us achieve sustainable development goals. The study calls for intensified policy efforts to make sure that formal land use certificates are issued for all farmlands.

The Honduran land titling project (the Proyecto de Titulación de Tierra para los Pequeños Productores), initiated in 1982, was intended to enhance security in land rights, to facilitate credit and to improve agricultural productivity. This study explores how the project has operated in one village, and concludes that it has attained none of its objectives; instead, it has triggered new sources of land conflicts, thus adding to the existing complex of local rules and laws. The authors argue that the failure of the project is not solely a consequence of the organizational incapacity of the bureaucracy, as some evaluations suggest, but that it is rooted in mistaken assumptions about the social organization of property rights and the causes of insecurity. The land titling project is founded on a contradiction: although based on the ideology of the capitalizing family farm in the context of a withdrawing state, its implementation actually requires strong and repressive state intervention. Rather than reducing insecurity in property rights, the project has merely 'modernized' the sources which can be used to contest rights in land.