Suchergebnisse

Ausländische Arbeitnehmer, die in ihr Herkunftsland zurückwandern, bringen berufliche Qualifikationen mit, die viele Beobachter in den Herkunftsländern als eine große Bereicherung für diese Region bezeichnen. Auf der Basis zweier Befragungen von Rückwanderern nach Griechenland und Projektionen des Arbeitskräftebedarfs in Griechenland wird diese Behauptung einer Überprüfung unterzogen. Es wird gezeigt, daß die schwache regionale und industrielle Entwicklung, die die Arbeitsmigration auslöste, ebenso dafür verantwortlich ist, daß die Rückwanderer mit nur spärlichen Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten konfrontiert werden. Die, die in städtische Regionen zurückkehren, müssen Arbeitslosigkeit, Schwarzarbeit und Gelegenheitsjobs in Kauf nehmen; die, die in ländliche Regionen zurückkehren, sind auf den bäuerlichen Kleinbetrieb oder auch auf Arbeitslosigkeit verwiesen. (IAB)

Immigrants who repatriate bring with them modern work skills which many observers in labor exporting regions describe as a great contribution to the mother country. Using data from two samples of Greek repatriates as well as projections of industrial labor force demands in Greece for the 1980s, this article challenges this concept. We find that the uneven regional development and stunted industrial growth which pushed these workers abroad are also responsible for the narrowly limited employment options which they face once they repatriate. For the urban repatriate, the market is limited to unemployment, the urban informal sector and scattered jobs, while for the rural repatriate, small-scale agriculture, multiple job holdings and unemployment are the only viable options.

The article considers the professional interests of schoolchildren in the Arctic regions in comparison with the demand of the labor market and leading employers. The study of professional preferences of schoolchildren in the face of a staff shortage of the economy of the Arctic regions and the increased interest in the development of these territories is relevant. It is youth that forms the basis for the timely reproduction of human capital. The purpose of the study is to identify professional plans of schoolchildren in the Arctic regions and to compare plans with the needs of the labor market and employers of the regions. The empirical basis of the study is official statistics (data from Rostrud for 2018), a survey of leading employers and students in grades 8–10 of the Arctic regions. The originality of the study lies in comparing tripartite interests – the labor market, employers and schoolchildren as potential professionals who build a career path. The entire array of professions obtained is compared on the basis of structural analysis. According to vacancies, requests of employers and preferences of schoolchildren, there is an intersection in certain professions. Details of professions by educational level showed inconsistency: for va cancies and employers, workers with secondary vocational education are in demand, but schoolchildren are more oriented toward higher education; the professional groups of engineering, technical and social professions also revealed a discrepancy. These results are useful for authorities, the scientific and pedagogical community in the formation of mechanisms for securing future young specialists in the Arctic regions.

The paper deals with the issues of human resources development and IT-staff training. The authors put a special emphasis on bringing the IT-staff training system in line with the labor market demands both in quantitative and qualitative terms. Based on the object-oriented approach, the authors explore the reasons behind the existing imbalance between the markets of IT-education services and IT-specialists in Azerbaijan, the challenges facing the IT education and specificity of the IT-specialists market being described.For overcoming the above gap between the IT labor market supply and demand, the authors put forward a model of professional competences, reflecting the real-life requirements for a specialist's quality. Additionally, the paper outlines the recommended trends of IT-sector development in Azerbaijan, which include organization of innovative research and education centers for specialists' training and retraining, legislative and institutional coordination of the IT industry and education, development of new educational standards, increase in the number of IT-profile students ; Статья посвящена проблемам профессионального образования в сфере информационных технологий. Основное внимание авторов сосредоточено на вопросах приведения системы подготовки кадров в соответствие с требованиями работодателей. На основе объективно-ориентированного анализа показаны причины как количественного, так и качественного дисбаланса рынка ИТ-специалистов и рынка образовательных услуг в области информационных технологий. Описаны проблемы профильного ИТ-образования в Азербайджане и специфические особенности рынка ИТ-специалистов в этой стране.В качестве инструмента согласования спроса и предложения на рынках труда и образования указывается модель профессиональных компетенций, учитывающая реальные требования ИТ-отрасли к специалистам. Перечислены меры, которые будут способствовать, с точки зрения авторов, интенсивному развитию сектора информационных технологий в Азербайджане. В частности, предлагается создать инновационные научно-образовательные центры, где будет осуществляться краткосрочная подготовка и переподготовка специалистов; разработать законодательные и институциональные рамки для взаимодействия ИТ-индустрии и профильных вузов; подготовить совместно с представителями ИТ-сообщества новые профессиональные и образовательные стандарты; увеличить прием на ИТ-специальности

The labor market effects of the recent financial and economic crisis are rather heterogeneous across countries and regions. Such differences in labor market performance among industrialized countries are an issue of ongoing research. The objective of this paper is to analyse labor market disparities among European regions and to provide evidence on the factors behind these differences. Whereas previous research focused on effects of national labor market institutions, we also take structural characteristics of regions into account and investigate differences in labor demand responsiveness and their potential determinants. The data set covers the NUTS2 regions in the EU15 for the period 1980 to 2008. We apply an error correction model that is combined with a spatial modeling approach in order to account for interaction among neighboring labor markets. Our findings point to substantially distinct labor demand responses to changes in output and wages among European countries and regions. Moreover, the rate of adjustment to disequilibrium is subject to a signifcant variation across units of observation. Whereas evidence on the significance of region specific variables as explanatory factors is weak, labor market institutions, especially regulations that affect the determination of wages, explain an important fraction of the disparities. -- Regional labor markets ; labor demand ; institutions ; Europe ; error correction model

This article presents a comparative analysis of labor market demand in the three major economies of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) in the period since 1970. The regression analysis indicates that the manufacturing sectors in Barbados and Jamaica were more responsive to changing domestic and international market conditions than the agricultural sectors, or than the Trinidad & Tobago manufacturing sector. Other important conclusions based on specifications at the aggregate level are that the real wage explained labor demand only in Jamaica, and that there was a secular increase in the demand for labor in both Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago, even after wages and output were controlled for. Taken in conjunction with the other findings for Trinidad & Tobago, we conclude that there is a need to focus on other sectors as important employers of labor in the period under analysis.

"The book collects articles published by Daniel Hamermesh between 1969 and 2013 dealing with the general topic of the 'demand for labor'. The first section presents empirical studies of basic issues in labor demand, including the extent to which different types of labor are substitutes, how firms' and workers' investments affect labor turnover, and how costs of adjusting employment affect the dynamics of employment and patterns of labor turnover. The second section examines the impacts of various labor-market policies, including minimum wages, penalty pay for using overtime hours or hours worked on weekends or nights, severance pay for displaced workers, and payroll taxes to finance unemployment insurance benefits. The final section deals with general questions of discrimination by employers along various dimensions, including looks, gender and ethnicity, in all cases focusing on the process of discrimination and the behavior that results. Throughout the focus is on the development of theoretically-based hypotheses and testing them using the most appropriate data, often data collected uniquely for the particular project."--