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Measuring costs of labor as a portion of total production costs has never before been treated so thoroughly or so thoughtfully. Moreover, contrary to most recent labor research, this book focuses on the demand side-the employer's point of view-and the behavior studied is employer behavior. An introductory essay by the editor provides a useful guide to current thought in the analysis of labor cost. Other papers give new insights into problems encountered in accounting for the nonwage elements of labor compensation, the effect of pensions and other benefits, and the wage-measurement questions ra

The author spells out four areas of opportunities for upgrading productivity without radically restructuring the organization.

Multinational companies and national governments pay considerable attention to labor cost and labor productivity differentials across countries. This paper analyzes total and unit labor differentials for a group of European and non-European countries in the 1960-1998 period. It deals with (i) the magnitude of total labor cost differences (ii) the developments in unit labor cost and labor productivity (iii) the convergence process between countries with higher and lower labor costs.

Measuring costs of labor as a portion of total production costs has never before been treated so thoroughly or so thoughtfully. Moreover, contrary to most recent labor research, this book focuses on the demand side—the employer's point of view—and the behavior studied is employer behavior. An introductory essay by the editor provides a useful guide to current thought in the analysis of labor cost. Other papers give new insights into problems encountered in accounting for the nonwage elements of labor compensation, the effect of pensions and other benefits, and the wage-measurement questions raised by incomes policies. In addition, there is a wealth of valuable new data on labor costs in the United States. Labor economists, statisticians, econometric modelers, and advisers to government and industry will welcome this up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of the costs of production

Labor costs (salary and benefit costs) for federal civilian employees often constitute a substantial portion of an agency's budget, typically exceeding 50% of its total budget. Even for those agencies that have considerable amounts of contract or grant funding, labor costs are an important part of the budget. Federal fiscal years can have three different lengths in hours, depending when they begin and end: 2,080 hours, 2,088 hours, or 2,096 hours (typically in leap years). The US Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-11 lists the number of hours for each fiscal year. Federal employees are generally paid every two weeks, so there are 26 pay periods (or 26.1 or 26.2) in a year. There are a number of other issues that affect the budget for salary costs. For some agencies, overtime is a big issue. Working and taking compensatory time has no impact on budgeting for labor costs. Adapted from the source document.