It was under the protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia (House of Savoy) that the citizens of Menton and Roquebrune declared independence from Monaco and pronounced themselves citizens of free cities ("villes libres") in 1848. Including the provincial hinterlands of both cities, this action was to reduce the size of the Principality of Monaco by 80%. These points of martial law command fealty to Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, proscribing demonstrations against the Sardinian occupation of Menton and Roquebrune. Digitized from the holdings at Archivio di Stato di Torino, Turin, Italy. PAESI - MONACO - Mazzo 12, non inventariata. Marked 53159. ; Electronic reproduction;
At the beginning of the 21st century Nuoro, capital of the province with the same name situated in the Barbagia district, central Sardinia, has approximately 37 000 inhabitants. At the previous turn of the century it had roughly 7 000 inhabitants. In spite of its then smallness as well as relative isolation due to its inland position, the town gave birth to several authors, poets, painters, sculptors, and other intellectuals who were to become widely known in the years to follow, thus Nuoro's denomination as Athens of Sardinia. In this article I will present the most renowned of these personalities, before taking the reader on a fictive walk through the town in order to give further evidence of its extraordinarily rich and lively culture. I then intend to show that in spite of its richness culture does not in any way drive out the love and respect for nature among the Nuoresi as has often been demonstrated to be the case in other parts of South Italy. Thus, this article's subtitle Culture and Nature instead of the more commonly used "culture versus nature" when pointing at the dichotomy between the two domains.
The small town of Orgosolo in the mountains of Sardinia is known for its murals: hundreds of them in a town of only 5,000 inhabitants. although murals exist throughout Sardinia, those of Orgosolo are noteworthy because of their political content. This article describes the origins of the mural tradition in the events of the late 1960s and early 1970s in the town. The combination of a left-wing council and youth group, as well as the powerful influence of an art teacher, led to the start of a process that continues to this day. The murals are classified into four interrelated themes: war, resistance, ethnic pride and resonance. But most importantly, the relevance of the mural tradition is placed in the context of the rejection by local people of northern Italian stereotypes which display them as backward shepherds and bandits, wedded inexorably to tradition and the rejection of progress.
[EN] After the Unification of Italy and after the First World War, the Stato Maggiore of the Royal Italian Army had to change the defence strategies and give more attention to coastal defence, because of the changing political relations and the development of military technology. In this overall strategic framework, the island of Sardinia was considered an "outpost of Italy", because of its defensive and offensive importance in the Mediterranean Sea. During World War II coastal defence became the operational priority of the Italian Army. In Sardinia, this was crucial for its proximity to Corsica and Tunisia and as a target of the Allies (after 1943). Consequently, substantial defence forces were introduced: army corps, brigades, mobile divisions, assault guns and gun trucks. The Army started to erect permanent fortification, in particular reinforced concrete structures produced designed according to standardized modules but adapted to the context using the means, resources and techniques available. Along the Sardinian coast, hundreds of bunkers were built and most of them are still existing in a state of neglect, sometimes in contexts of particular of great landscape and environmental value. This paper presents the systematic study of these "modern ruins built in concrete", through the examination of documents found in historical military archives and through a direct investigation of some of the most significant works. Also it offers a cataloguing through the categories of different disciplines (history, architecture, engineering, "Art of War" and ballistics) to encourage their enhancement and conservation, as architectural expression of a particular period of the 20th century history. ; Mameli, M.; Sanjust, P. (2015). The coastal military architecture of World War II in Sardinia. En Defensive architecture of the mediterranean: XV to XVIII centuries. Vol. II. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 199-206. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2015.2015.1784 ; OCS ; 199 ; 206
After the Unification of Italy and after the First World War, the Stato Maggiore of the Royal Italian Army had to change the defensive strategies and give more attention to coastal defense, because of the changing political relations and the development of military technology. In this overall strategic framework, the isle of Sardinia was considered an "outpost of Italy", because its defensive and offensive importance in the Mediterranean Sea. During World War II coastal defense became the operational priority of the Italian Army. In Sardinia, that was crucial for its proximity to Corsica and Tunisia and as target of the Allies (af-ter 1943), were introduced substantial defense forces: army corps, brigades, mobile divisions, self-propelled, self-cannons. Therefore, the Army started the construction of strongholds of permanent fortifi-cation, particularly works made of reinforced concrete produced according to standardized modules but adapted to the context with the means, resources and techniques available. Along the Sardinian coast, hundreds bunkers were built and most of them are still existing in a state of ne-glect, sometimes in contexts of particular landscape and environmental quality. This paper presents the systematic study of these "modern ruins built in concrete", through the examination of documents found in historical military archives and through a direct investigation of some of significant works. Also it offers a cataloguing through the categories of different disciplines (history, architecture, engineering, "Art of War" and ballistics) to stimulate their valorisation and conservation, as architectural expression of a particular pe-riod of the history of the twentieth century.
Enhanced level of radon in indoor environments such as homes, schools, public buildings and workplaces is considered an important health issue. Provided that radon is responsible for about 3–14 percent of all lung cancers, governments and inter-governmental institutions have issued several rules in the field of radioprotection of people from exposure to radon and its progenies. As one of the main preventive measures in Europe, the 2013/59/EURATOM BSS Directive requires the member states countries to prepare an action plan to address the radon potential source and identify Radon Prone Areas (RPAs), where the radon concentration is expected to exceed the national threshold level (as annual average of 300 Bq m-3 for both residential and workplaces). Following this directive, the work to be discussed here focuses on the preparation of a radon potential map of Sardinia according to the "Vast Area" approach and based on the use of literature derived geogenic data (e.g. lithological and geological types, U and Ra content, soil-gas radon, permeability and tectonics). As one of the main results of this thesis work, a predictive Geogenic Radon Potential (GRP) map expressing the radon potentials in ordinal categories was developed. The produced GRP map has merit because 1) it doesn't depend on the anthropogenic factors (e.g. building material, ventilation rate and living habits); 2) it can be used for the estimation of the radon hazard of both existing buildings and future construction sites, thus for the land-use planning. Complementary field and laboratory-based experiments were conducted to examine the predictive power of the proposed GRP map. Through the validation tests, we tried to answer three main questions; 1) considering the effect of radon anthropogenic factors, is it possible to use the GRP levels to estimate the indoor radon concentration for an area? 2) Do the results of real-time pilot tests in an area identified as RPA correlate with the category of radon potential predicted by the GRP map? And 3) is it possible to use the GRP map to justify the occurrence of enhanced levels of radon in closed spaces? In general, the correlations between examination test results and the predicted radon potential by the GRP map showed that the proposed map can address the major source of indoor radon in Sardinia. Besides, the radon emanation potential and natural radioactivity of the building material, the second major contributor to the indoor radon activity, was also investigated in detail parallel to the GRP mapping. The application of radon is not limited to addressing the health hazard. Radon monitoring coupled with natural radioactivity detection can be used as a tool for radiogenic assessments. This application was investigated in an area that consists of heavy mineral placer deposits in South-Eastern Sardinia. Through this experiment, the natural radioactive characteristics and radon-related behaviors of studied formations were well-distinguished The last year of the Ph.D. programme was carried out at Trinity College of Dublin, where the primary purpose of the study was to evaluate in detail the radon and thoron potential in an area with complex geology. Data obtained from radiometric surveys, geochemical measurements and indoor radon concentrations were used to distinguish radon and thoron release from different geo formations and soil types. To aim this, a set of samples were collected from selected geo types and radon/thoron exhalation rates were estimated through laboratory experiments. As a result, radon and thoron potential maps were developed. In the next step, a detailed investigation of soil gas radon concentrations was considered in a radon priority area identified through the potential maps. As a result of the second investigation, a geostatistical model was built to estimate the GRPs with higher accuracy.
