Suchergebnisse

The government has been converting kerosene to gas since 2007. However, households that use kerosene for cooking purposes are still found in urban areas in Indonesia, even though access to gas is already very easy. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the demand for kerosene in urban households in Indonesia. Based on the March 2018 Susenas data from BPS, it was found that 15,143 urban households still use kerosene, 80.20 percent of them use kerosene as the main fuel for cooking. Using multiple linear regression, it was found that the price of kerosene and the gender of the head of the household had a negative effect on the intensity of kerosene use in urban households. Meanwhile, income per capita, age of the head of the household, number of household members, and education level of the head of household have a positive effect on the intensity of kerosene use in urban households.

Glacial acetic acid was used to improve Kirkuk kerosene samples and decrease their aromatics contents. Two sets of experimental processes were performed: the first set included more process steps (mixing by orbital shaker, heating, centrifugation, and stabilization over many days). This set of experiments showed its maximum improvement when 1 mL of glacial acetic acid was added to 10 mL of Kirkuk kerosene sample to get a 42% improvement in the aniline point and a 12.5% improvement in the smoke point. The smoke point test values gave confusing results when the stabilization was increased to 4 days; the reason may be the chemical cracking of single-ring aromatic components into polyromantic components like naphthalene, which reduced the quality of the kerosene samples. The second set of experiments included only mixing and leaving the processed kerosene sample with 2 mL mixtures of glacial acetic acid and distilled water to set for 5 minutes. The greatest improvement was obtained when 1.8 mL of water containing 0.2 mL of glacial acetic acid was mixed with 10 mL of kerosene samples, resulting in a 19% improvement in aniline point and a 45% improvement in smoke point. The total sulfur percent and flashpoint tests revealed that the second set also had an acceptable chemical effect on kerosene samples by reducing 4.8% for the total sulfur test and increasing 11.7% for the flashpoint test. As a number, the first set of experiments showed better improvements in comparison with the second set, but to scale up these experiments and apply them industrially will be very difficult and expensive, and some steps are difficult to apply like centrifugation because of its high cost and because the stabilization step consumes a lot of time. Therefore, the second set of results will be more acceptable from an engineering point of view.

cited By (since 1996) 1 ; International audience ; Over the last past years, there has been a considerable effort to precise the characteristics of the combustion of kerosene [1] which has received much recent attention because of its importance in power-generating equipment, especially in high output military aircraft propulsion systems. The aim of this work is to present a simple multi-physics simulation able to describe the combustion of kerosene vapors in a closed vessel with subsequent applications to vent openings. Simulated predictions have been compared with experimental results [2], [3] available for a special kind of kerosene (F.34) which has been studied as part of a contract between the laboratory and the Ministry of Defence (DGA).

cited By (since 1996) 1 ; International audience ; Over the last past years, there has been a considerable effort to precise the characteristics of the combustion of kerosene [1] which has received much recent attention because of its importance in power-generating equipment, especially in high output military aircraft propulsion systems. The aim of this work is to present a simple multi-physics simulation able to describe the combustion of kerosene vapors in a closed vessel with subsequent applications to vent openings. Simulated predictions have been compared with experimental results [2], [3] available for a special kind of kerosene (F.34) which has been studied as part of a contract between the laboratory and the Ministry of Defence (DGA).

cited By (since 1996) 1 ; International audience ; Over the last past years, there has been a considerable effort to precise the characteristics of the combustion of kerosene [1] which has received much recent attention because of its importance in power-generating equipment, especially in high output military aircraft propulsion systems. The aim of this work is to present a simple multi-physics simulation able to describe the combustion of kerosene vapors in a closed vessel with subsequent applications to vent openings. Simulated predictions have been compared with experimental results [2], [3] available for a special kind of kerosene (F.34) which has been studied as part of a contract between the laboratory and the Ministry of Defence (DGA).