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This article seeks to answer the question of how Jewish crimes and criminals were conceptualized in Germany and Austria at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century, both by the budding science of criminology and by the popular discourse surrounding crime. The article argues that despite surface affinities between contemporary biological models of criminality and racial and anthropological identifications of Jewish essence, no straightforward conflation of the two narratives took place. Rather, antisemitic conceptualisations of Jewish criminality focused primarily on charges of dissimulation and on allegations that Jews were wilfully sabotaging the fragile access to truth available to the justice system. Far from focusing on the deviance of the individual criminal actor, this narrative routinely implicated Jewish lawyers and newspaper editors, Jewish psychologists and other scientists in the conspiratorial creation of criminal spaces.

Nonacademic sites of nineteenth-century criminological discourse. The French Revolution and the origins of French criminology / Marc Renneville -- Murderers and "reasonable men" : the "criminology" of the Victorian judiciary / Martin J. Wiener -- Unmasking counterhistory : an introductory exploration of criminality and the Jewish question / Michael Berkowitz -- Moral discourse and reform in urban Germany, 1880s-1914 / Andrew Lees -- The criminologists' gaze at the underworld : toward an archaeology of criminological writing / Peter Becker. Criminology as scientific and political practice in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Cesare Lombroso and Italian criminology : theory and politics / Mary S. Gibson -- Criminal anthropology : its reception in the United States and the nature of its appeal / Nicole Hahn Rafter -- From the "atavistic" to the "inferior" criminal type : the impact of the Lombrosian Theory of the born criminal on German psychiatry / Mariacarda Gadebusch Bondio -- Criminology, hygienism, and eugenics in France, 1870-1914 : the medical debates on the elimination of the "incorrigible" criminals / Laurent Mucchielli -- Crime, prisons, and psychiatry : reconsidering problem populations in Australia, 1890-1930 / Stephen Garton -- Positivist criminology and state formation in modern Argentina, 1890-1940 / Ricardo D. Salvatore -- The birth of criminology in modern Japan / Yoji Nakatani.

The present article follows upon a previous one dealing with the discrimination of Arab defendants in Israel. If focuses on the effect of wartime on this discrimination by analyzing the acceptance or rejection of requests on behalf of Jewish compared to Arab defendants to revoke convictions in misdemeanors by Israeli magistrate courts in the past 20 years, as a function of periods of heightened hostilities and the judges' ethnicity. The findings contradict those of the few and outdated studies conducted in the West, by pointing to the lack of influence of wartime situations, regardless of the judges' or the defendants' ethnicity. The conclusion is that particular periods of heightened hostilities do not affect the punitive policy against ethnic minorities in a country that consistently discriminates such minorities and is constantly engaged in war or violent conflict.

This text presents a comprehensive and nuanced portrayal of ZAKA - an organization of ultra-orthodox religious Jews who rush to the sites of Palestinian suicide attacks in Israel to care for the mutilated corpses of the victims according to an intricate, symbolically charged, macabre rite. Gideon Aran has spent years embedded with the men of ZAKA, and in this ethnography he takes readers inside the organization and on the ground with these men as they do their gruesome - but, in their view, holy - work.

OUR GANG: JEWISH CRIME AND THE NEW YORK JEWISH COMMUNITY, 1900–1940.EAST SIDE‐WEST SIDE: ORGANIZING CRIME IN NEW YORK, 1930–1950TWO CULTURES OF POLICING: STREET COPS AND MANAGEMENT COPS.

AbstractThe following is an analysis of primarily the cocaine trade in New York from 1910 to 1917. The data used come from the investigative files of the Bureau of Social Morals, part of the New York Kehillah. The Kehillah itself was a broadly based communal agency which functioned in part as a counter to accusations of Jewish criminality current in the press. The analysis deals with the social backgrounds of cocaine dealers. and then looks at the manner in which cocaine was distributed especially by criminal collectives known as combinations. It concludes that the structure of drug syndicates was exceptionally loose, fluid, and often kin‐centered. Finally, the essay strongly suggests the need to integrate urban history with studies of organized crime in general.

Crimes committed by Jews, especially ritual murders, have long been favorite targets in the antisemitic press. This book investigates popular and scientific conceptualizations of criminals current in Austria and Germany at the turn of the last century and compares these to those in the contemporary antisemitic discourse. It challenges received historiographic assumptions about the centrality of criminal bodies and psyches in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century criminology and argues that contemporary antisemitic narratives constructed Jewish criminality not as a biologico-racial defe

1. Lombroso and his school : from anthropology to medicine and law / Renzo Villa -- 2. Cesare Lombroso, prison science, and penal policy / Mary Gibson -- 3. Gli Anarchici and Lombroso's theory of political crime / Trevor Calafato -- 4. Demonizing being : Lombroso and the ghosts of criminology / P.J. Ystehede -- 5. The Lombroso Museum from its origins to the present day / Silvano Montaldo -- 6. Caesar or Cesare? : American and Italian images of Lombroso / Patrizia Guarnieri -- 7. New natural born killers? : the legacy of Lombroso in neuroscience and law / Emilia Musumeci -- 8. From subhumans to superhumans : criminals in the evolutionary hierarchy, or what became of Lombroso's atavistic criminals? / Simon A. Cole and Michael C. Campbell -- 9. Lombroso and Jewish social science / Paul Knepper -- 10. The melodramatic publication career of Lombroso's La donna delinquente / Nicole Rafter -- 11. Lombroso's Criminal woman and the uneven development of the modern lesbian identity / Mariana Valverde -- 12. In search of the Lombrosian type of delinquent / Daniele Velo Dalbrenta -- 13. Lombroso and the science of literature and opera / Jonathan R. Hiller -- 14. A hidden theme of Jewish self-love? : Eric Hobsbawm, Karl Marx, and Cesare Lombroso on "Jewish criminality" / Michael Berkowitz -- 15. The methods of Lombroso and cultural criminology / Dina Siegel -- 16. Lombroso in France : a paradoxical reception / Marc Renneville -- 17. Lombroso in China : Dong Xue Wei Ti, Xi Xue Wei Yong? / Bill Hebenton and Susyan Jou -- 18. Lombroso but not Lombrosians? : criminal anthropology in Spain / Ricardo Campos and Rafael Huertas -- 19. The influence of Cesare Lombroso on Philippine criminology / Filomin C. Gutierrez -- 19. Lombroso and the 'men of real science' : British reactions, 1886-1918 342 / Neil Davie.

Tourism is an expanding battleground of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Since the founding of the state, Israel's supporters have used tourism as a mechanism to socialize diaspora Jews and other travelers into supporting Israeli institutions, namely the military. As a counterforce to this mobilization, Palestinians, alongside Jewish/Israeli activists, have also been employing tourism as a method to garner support for justice and human rights in the region. This dissertation examines the power and limits of tourism to engender transnational solidarity.In a wider sense, this dissertation sheds light on the power of exposure, empathy, and intercultural contact to shift political sympathies and allegiances. I investigate these topics through a case study of Jewish Americans' experiences on alternative tours to the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Based on an analysis of 87 in-depth interviews, 400 survey responses, as well as three years of participant observation, I use tourism as a lens to examine the barriers to Jewish solidarity with the Palestinian cause. Given the ways that Jewish Americans are typically shielded from Palestinian perspectives and encouraged to support the state of Israel, I use these tours as a microcosmic case to understand what happens when privileged populations are exposed to injustices suffered by marginalized peoples in the Global South.These tours challenge participants' stereotypes of Palestinians as dangerous and primitive along with participants' absolutist ideas of Jewish moral purity and victimhood. In addition to these outcomes, the visceral experience of witnessing Palestinian suffering at the hands of Israeli violence causes many participants to develop greater animosity towards settlers and right-wing segments of Israeli society. I argue that this focus on settlers, as aberrations from Israeli institutions rather than extensions of them, can function to organize participants' outrage around a population that remains conceptually separate from wider state institutions.Simultaneously, while participants move past stereotypes of Palestinians as inherently violent, a differential conception of Israeli versus Palestinian violence remains in place. Despite empathetic, emotional reactions to sites such as the checkpoint, participants continue to understand Israeli participation in military violence as involuntary and often necessary. At the same time, participants continue to unequivocally oppose all forms of Palestinian violence. This inconsistency appears rooted in participants' associations of Israeli violence with a form of social control, and associations of Palestinian violence with disruption and deviance. The persistence of these fundamental currents of privilege and racism within tourists' ideologies reveals the ways that allegiances to unjust status quos can remain in place, despite increased levels of empathy and intercultural understanding.My findings demonstrate the ability of tourism and intercultural contact to expand compassion and to mobilize transnational activists. On the other hand, they also reveal the ways that tourism, as a medium for social change, may preserve some of the most fundamental elements of inequality, due to economic forces within the tourism industry. Taken together, these conclusions illuminate how racialized conceptions of the right to violence often go unnoticed and unchallenged in progressive movements for social change. Lastly, through revealing the limits of appealing to those with power through empathy, this dissertation urges movements for social change to prioritize the redistribution of power, rather than focus exclusively on the ideological transformation of those in power.

"In his social investigative writings on ""the serious crime community"" which describes the loose merger of corporate interests, organized crime and political crime, professor Alan A. Block of Penn State University has proven to be one of the most inspiring criminologists in the field. An international group of pupils and friends dedicate this book to him which contains original contributions on the troubled concept of organized crime, the social history of crime groups in the United States, corruption in the United Nations Oil-for-Food Program in Iraq, the struggle against identity fraud, the world of drugs and the adverse consequences of criminalization, the money-laundering control movement, International Tribunals against war crimes and a Jewish studies chapter on the role of bystanders during the Holocaust. The book opens with Alan Block's now classic study on the origins of the Iran Contra scandal. Alan A. Block has served for 17 years as the editor-in-chief of Crime, Law and Social Change, one of Springer's major criminology journals."

Crimes committed by Jews, especially ritual murders, have long been favorite targets in the antisemitic press. This book investigates popular and scientific conceptualizations of criminals current in Austria and Germany at the turn of the last century and compares these to those in the contemporary antisemitic discourse. It challenges received historiographic assumptions about the centrality of criminal bodies and psyches in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century criminology and argues that contemporary antisemitic narratives constructed Jewish criminality not as a biologico-racial defe

The author describes antisemitic activity in post WWII Britain and the Jewish community's response. as well as legal and political developments in the realm of antisemitism. The author recounts how the Community Security Organisation, which in 1994 became the Community Security Trust (CST), was established in an effort to address security issues being confronted by the Jewish community in Britain. The author details the structure of the CST and lays out its goals and methods. The organization's activities, which are offered free of charge to the entire community, include providing suggestions and training to community groups and individuals regarding security issues. CST also provides advice to Jewish community institutions and their staff, builds relationships with other minority groups, and works internationally in the realm of hate crimes. The author concludes that CST offers an example of best practice within the realm of groups combating hate.