Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Cette communication brosse dans une première partie le cadre historique de la politique japonaise en faveur des PME. Dans une seconde partie, cette communication s'intéresse aux réponses institutionnelles apportées par le Japon au financement des PME et TP E japonaises dans un contexte de crise durable depuis les années 90.

International audience ; Cette communication brosse dans une première partie le cadre historique de la politique japonaise en faveur des PME. Dans une seconde partie, cette communication s'intéresse aux réponses institutionnelles apportées par le Japon au financement des PME et TP E japonaises dans un contexte de crise durable depuis les années 90.

International audience ; Cette communication brosse dans une première partie le cadre historique de la politique japonaise en faveur des PME. Dans une seconde partie, cette communication s'intéresse aux réponses institutionnelles apportées par le Japon au financement des PME et TP E japonaises dans un contexte de crise durable depuis les années 90.

National audience ; This paper studies the introduction of an EU-wide emission standard on the automobile market. Using panel data from 1998-2011, I find that firms decreased emission ratings by 14%. Firms use technology adoption and gaming of emission tests to decrease emissions, rather than shifting the sales mix or downsizing. I find that the standard missed its emission target, and fromestimating a structural model, I find that the standard was not welfare improving. The political environment in the EU shaped the design and weak enforcement and resulted in firms' choices for abatement by technology adoption and gaming.

International audience ; Can we speak of deindustrialisation in Algeria, knowing that there has been no completed process of industrialisation in this country comparable to what has been observed in emerging economies or even in certain developing countries that have succeeded in setting up a manufacturing industry? This paper will therefore focus on industrial 'episodes', the most consistent of which was undoubtedly the one that took place between the mid-1960s and the late 1980s. This article formulates a series of questions about these different moments and puts forward some explanatory hypotheses. The historical approach chosen aims to highlight the similarities and differences between these events, to identify the major trends and constants, and also the factors that led to a break with the past. A common thread then emerges which suggests that these different episodes are phases of a single industrialisation process interspersed with interruptions leading to long periods of deindustrialisation. ; Peut-on parler de désindustrialisation en Algérie, sachant qu'il n'y a pas eu dans ce pays de processus abouti d'industrialisation comparable à ce que l'on a pu observer dans les économies émergentes ni même dans certains pays en développement ayant réussi à mettre en place une industrie manufacturière ? Aussi sera-t-il question ici d'« épisodes » industriels, dont le plus consistant fut sans conteste celui qui se déroule entre le milieu des années 1960 et la fin des années 1980. Cet article formule une série d'interrogations sur ces différents moments et avance quelques hypothèses explicatives. L'angle d'approche historique choisi vise à mettre en évidence ce qui rapproche ou distingue ces événements, à dégager les grandes tendances, à identifier les constantes, mais aussi les facteurs de rupture. Se dessine alors un fil conducteur qui suggère dans ces différents épisodes les phases d'un même processus d'industrialisation entrecoupé d'interruptions conduisant à de longues plages de désindustrialisation.

International audience ; Can we speak of deindustrialisation in Algeria, knowing that there has been no completed process of industrialisation in this country comparable to what has been observed in emerging economies or even in certain developing countries that have succeeded in setting up a manufacturing industry? This paper will therefore focus on industrial 'episodes', the most consistent of which was undoubtedly the one that took place between the mid-1960s and the late 1980s. This article formulates a series of questions about these different moments and puts forward some explanatory hypotheses. The historical approach chosen aims to highlight the similarities and differences between these events, to identify the major trends and constants, and also the factors that led to a break with the past. A common thread then emerges which suggests that these different episodes are phases of a single industrialisation process interspersed with interruptions leading to long periods of deindustrialisation. ; Peut-on parler de désindustrialisation en Algérie, sachant qu'il n'y a pas eu dans ce pays de processus abouti d'industrialisation comparable à ce que l'on a pu observer dans les économies émergentes ni même dans certains pays en développement ayant réussi à mettre en place une industrie manufacturière ? Aussi sera-t-il question ici d'« épisodes » industriels, dont le plus consistant fut sans conteste celui qui se déroule entre le milieu des années 1960 et la fin des années 1980. Cet article formule une série d'interrogations sur ces différents moments et avance quelques hypothèses explicatives. L'angle d'approche historique choisi vise à mettre en évidence ce qui rapproche ou distingue ces événements, à dégager les grandes tendances, à identifier les constantes, mais aussi les facteurs de rupture. Se dessine alors un fil conducteur qui suggère dans ces différents épisodes les phases d'un même processus d'industrialisation entrecoupé d'interruptions conduisant à de longues plages de désindustrialisation.

International audience ; Can we speak of deindustrialisation in Algeria, knowing that there has been no completed process of industrialisation in this country comparable to what has been observed in emerging economies or even in certain developing countries that have succeeded in setting up a manufacturing industry? This paper will therefore focus on industrial 'episodes', the most consistent of which was undoubtedly the one that took place between the mid-1960s and the late 1980s. This article formulates a series of questions about these different moments and puts forward some explanatory hypotheses. The historical approach chosen aims to highlight the similarities and differences between these events, to identify the major trends and constants, and also the factors that led to a break with the past. A common thread then emerges which suggests that these different episodes are phases of a single industrialisation process interspersed with interruptions leading to long periods of deindustrialisation. ; Peut-on parler de désindustrialisation en Algérie, sachant qu'il n'y a pas eu dans ce pays de processus abouti d'industrialisation comparable à ce que l'on a pu observer dans les économies émergentes ni même dans certains pays en développement ayant réussi à mettre en place une industrie manufacturière ? Aussi sera-t-il question ici d'« épisodes » industriels, dont le plus consistant fut sans conteste celui qui se déroule entre le milieu des années 1960 et la fin des années 1980. Cet article formule une série d'interrogations sur ces différents moments et avance quelques hypothèses explicatives. L'angle d'approche historique choisi vise à mettre en évidence ce qui rapproche ou distingue ces événements, à dégager les grandes tendances, à identifier les constantes, mais aussi les facteurs de rupture. Se dessine alors un fil conducteur qui suggère dans ces différents épisodes les phases d'un même processus d'industrialisation entrecoupé d'interruptions conduisant à de longues plages de désindustrialisation.

International audience ; Can we speak of deindustrialisation in Algeria, knowing that there has been no completed process of industrialisation in this country comparable to what has been observed in emerging economies or even in certain developing countries that have succeeded in setting up a manufacturing industry? This paper will therefore focus on industrial 'episodes', the most consistent of which was undoubtedly the one that took place between the mid-1960s and the late 1980s. This article formulates a series of questions about these different moments and puts forward some explanatory hypotheses. The historical approach chosen aims to highlight the similarities and differences between these events, to identify the major trends and constants, and also the factors that led to a break with the past. A common thread then emerges which suggests that these different episodes are phases of a single industrialisation process interspersed with interruptions leading to long periods of deindustrialisation. ; Peut-on parler de désindustrialisation en Algérie, sachant qu'il n'y a pas eu dans ce pays de processus abouti d'industrialisation comparable à ce que l'on a pu observer dans les économies émergentes ni même dans certains pays en développement ayant réussi à mettre en place une industrie manufacturière ? Aussi sera-t-il question ici d'« épisodes » industriels, dont le plus consistant fut sans conteste celui qui se déroule entre le milieu des années 1960 et la fin des années 1980. Cet article formule une série d'interrogations sur ces différents moments et avance quelques hypothèses explicatives. L'angle d'approche historique choisi vise à mettre en évidence ce qui rapproche ou distingue ces événements, à dégager les grandes tendances, à identifier les constantes, mais aussi les facteurs de rupture. Se dessine alors un fil conducteur qui suggère dans ces différents épisodes les phases d'un même processus d'industrialisation entrecoupé d'interruptions conduisant à de longues plages de désindustrialisation.

We attempt to identify and measure potential knowledge spillovers in the French urban transport sector, which is strongly regulated and where a few large corporations are in charge of operating several urban networks simultaneously. We build and estimate a structural cost model where the service is regulated by a local government and is provided by a single operator. Knowledge spillovers are directly linked to the know-how of a specific corporation, but they also depend on the incentive power of the regulatory contract which shapes the effort of the local managers. Exerting an effort in a specific network allows a cost reduction in this network, but it also benefit other networks that are members of the same corporation. Our model provides us with estimates of the operators' absorptive capacity, which is their in-house knowledge power in order to optimally benefit from spillovers. We find that diversity of knowledge across operators of a same corporation improves absorptive capacity and increases the flow of spillovers. Simulation exercises provide evidence of significant reductions in total operating cost following the enlargement of industrial groups.

We attempt to identify and measure potential knowledge spillovers in the French urban transport sector, which is strongly regulated and where a few large corporations are in charge of operating several urban networks simultaneously. We build and estimate a structural cost model where the service is regulated by a local government and is provided by a single operator. Knowledge spillovers are directly linked to the know-how of a specific corporation, but they also depend on the incentive power of the regulatory contract which shapes the effort of the local managers. Exerting an effort in a specific network allows a cost reduction in this network, but it also benefit other networks that are members of the same corporation. Our model provides us with estimates of the operators' absorptive capacity, which is their in-house knowledge power in order to optimally benefit from spillovers. We find that diversity of knowledge across operators of a same corporation improves absorptive capacity and increases the flow of spillovers. Simulation exercises provide evidence of significant reductions in total operating cost following the enlargement of industrial groups.

We attempt to identify and measure potential knowledge spillovers in the French urban transport sector, which is strongly regulated and where a few large corporations are in charge of operating several urban networks simultaneously. We build and estimate a structural cost model where the service is regulated by a local government and is provided by a single operator. Knowledge spillovers are directly linked to the know-how of a specific corporation, but they also depend on the incentive power of the regulatory contract which shapes the effort of the local managers. Exerting an effort in a specific network allows a cost reduction in this network, but it also benefit other networks that are members of the same corporation. Our model provides us with estimates of the operators' absorptive capacity, which is their in-house knowledge power in order to optimally benefit from spillovers. We find that diversity of knowledge across operators of a same corporation improves absorptive capacity and increases the flow of spillovers. Simulation exercises provide evidence of significant reductions in total operating cost following the enlargement of industrial groups.

We attempt to identify and measure potential knowledge spillovers in the French urban transport sector, which is strongly regulated and where a few large corporations are in charge of operating several urban networks simultaneously. We build and estimate a structural cost model where the service is regulated by a local government and is provided by a single operator. Knowledge spillovers are directly linked to the know-how of a specific corporation, but they also depend on the incentive power of the regulatory contract which shapes the effort of the local managers. Exerting an effort in a specific network allows a cost reduction in this network, but it also benefit other networks that are members of the same corporation. Our model provides us with estimates of the operators' absorptive capacity, which is their in-house knowledge power in order to optimally benefit from spillovers. We find that diversity of knowledge across operators of a same corporation improves absorptive capacity and increases the flow of spillovers. Simulation exercises provide evidence of significant reductions in total operating cost following the enlargement of industrial groups.

We attempt to identify and measure potential knowledge spillovers in the French urban transport sector, which is strongly regulated and where a few large corporations are in charge of operating several urban networks simultaneously. We build and estimate a structural cost model where the service is regulated by a local government and is provided by a single operator. Knowledge spillovers are directly linked to the know-how of a specific corporation, but they also depend on the incentive power of the regulatory contract which shapes the effort of the local managers. Exerting an effort in a specific network allows a cost reduction in this network, but it also benefit other networks that are members of the same corporation. Our model provides us with estimates of the operators' absorptive capacity, which is their in-house knowledge power in order to optimally benefit from spillovers. We find that diversity of knowledge across operators of a same corporation improves absorptive capacity and increases the flow of spillovers. Simulation exercises provide evidence of significant reductions in total operating cost following the enlargement of industrial groups.

International audience ; A lot of cases had arouse in the past decade about agreements between regional airports and low-cost carriers. These agreements are challenged on the basis of the State Aids European control as they rise concerns not only about competition distortions between airlines but also about fiscal competition risks among Member States or local governments. Such phenomena could be expected as regional airports are characterized by significant overcapacities and overlapping inducing a substitutability for airlines. Surprisingly, the new 2014 guidelines on State Aids granted to airlines open the way to transitory operating aid schemes, an option apparently at odds with the European longstanding principles. Our purpose in this paper is to demonstrate with the help of the development of a model, that such agreements can make sense from the economic point of view provided that the relationship between the carrier and the airport is no longer analyzed as a vertical chain, inducing an assessment in terms of economic dependence, but as a two-sided market. The favorable usage terms granted to low cost carriers generate additional flows on the other side, with commercial revenues from shops or parking. Consequently, subsidizing operating costs might be rational, even for a private investor in a market economy, and might be a perennial device.

International audience ; A lot of cases had arouse in the past decade about agreements between regional airports and low-cost carriers. These agreements are challenged on the basis of the State Aids European control as they rise concerns not only about competition distortions between airlines but also about fiscal competition risks among Member States or local governments. Such phenomena could be expected as regional airports are characterized by significant overcapacities and overlapping inducing a substitutability for airlines. Surprisingly, the new 2014 guidelines on State Aids granted to airlines open the way to transitory operating aid schemes, an option apparently at odds with the European longstanding principles. Our purpose in this paper is to demonstrate with the help of the development of a model, that such agreements can make sense from the economic point of view provided that the relationship between the carrier and the airport is no longer analyzed as a vertical chain, inducing an assessment in terms of economic dependence, but as a two-sided market. The favorable usage terms granted to low cost carriers generate additional flows on the other side, with commercial revenues from shops or parking. Consequently, subsidizing operating costs might be rational, even for a private investor in a market economy, and might be a perennial device.