Suchergebnisse

"A Contested Caribbean Indigeneity is an in-depth analysis of the debates surrounding Taíno/Boricua activism in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean diaspora in New York City. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research, media analysis, and historical documents, the book explores the varied experiences and motivations of Taíno/Boricua activists as well as the alternative fonts of authority they draw on to claim what is commonly thought to be an extinct ethnic category. It explores the historical and interactional challenges involved in claiming membership in, what for many Puerto Ricans, is an impossible affiliation. In focusing on Taíno/Boricua activism, the books aims to identify a critical space from which to analyze and decolonize ethnoracial ideologies of Puerto Ricanness, issues of class and education, Puerto Rican nationalisms and colonialisms, as well as important questions regarding narrative, historical memory, and belonging"--

"This book debunks one of the greatest myths ever told in Caribbean history: that the indigenous peoples who encountered a very lost Christopher Columbus are "extinct." Through the uncovering of recent ethnographical data, the author reveals extensive narratives of Jb̕aro Indian resistance and cultural continuity on the island of Borikň (Puerto Rico). Since the epistemological boundaries of the early history and literature had been written through colonial eyes, key fallacies have been passed down for centuries. Many stories have been kept within family histories having gone "underground" as the result of an abusive past. Whole communities of Jb̕aro people survive today"--

Au début du vingtième siècle les compagnies sucrières américaines ont transformé l'économie portoricaine. Durant les années 1920, on pouvait compter parmi les effets des pratiques coloniales américaines la concentration des terres, la transformation des petits agriculteurs en travailleurs salariés, l'augmentation du niveau de pauvreté ainsi que le niveau de vie. Cependant, des éducateurs ont trouvé une solution au "problème rural." Ils estimaient que l'école rurale était l'institution-clé capable de contribuer à la transformation des familles rurales, des relations sociales et de l'économie. Les enseignants qui représentaient un important groupe d'intermédiaire de la société coloniale, ont promis la régénération de l'icône "nationale" alors émergente : l'homme des hautes montagnes, le jibaro . Cet article examine la vision des enseignants concernant la régénération nationale.

Abstract
Some of our past research has explored Puerto Rican dress and fashion through fieldwork, examination of primary sources and content analysis. We have published on the Masks Festival of Hatillo, a Christmas carnival in Puerto Rico, where costumes are constructed by covering garments with ruffled pieces of fabric, creating intricate and colourful designs. We have also studied the Puerto Rican jíbaro or mountain peasant – one of the most significant images of Puerto Rican cultural identity – examining a variety of transformations of the romantic image of the jíbaro dress (wide-brimmed straw hat, loose cotton shirt and pants, and sandals or bare feet) as it navigates through time in new geographical and cultural settings. Dress associated with the female jíbaro (a peasant blouse with a low neckline and a full skirt with a headscarf, sash and large earrings) has also been appropriated in a variety of simulacra, including a Barbie doll. With this rich cultural heritage in tow, we assumed that Puerto Rican fashion designers would take advantage of and reference elements from dress associated with some of the traditions and popular culture aspects mentioned above. We have found, however, that the incorporation of national heritage and tradition is scarce among Puerto Rican fashion designers. It is left almost exclusively in the hands of souvenir manufacturers who also occasionally incorporate other elements of Puerto Rican cultural heritage, such as native Taino imagery, handmade lace or mundillo, and dress from folkloric dances such as the bomba and the plena. We suggest that, in Puerto Rico, connecting one's brand as a designer with recognized symbols of national culture is not common practice. We believe that this is in part due to the commodification of said national and traditional symbols in the souvenir market. There are also strong reactions coming from the 'traditionalists' when designers venture to modify an element of something considered cultural heritage and use it as a source of inspiration for their collections. This attitude limits the exploration in Puerto Rico of cultural heritage as a source for design inspiration or branding.

Ya no se deja represents the culmination of Puerto Rico's 500 year colonial history. I utilize historiographical texts and ethnographic works to chronicle the development of insular solidarity. This narrative project focuses on proletarian lives spanning from the early days of Spanish Empire up to the COVID-19 pandemic. In spite of a government deemed "genocidal" in its apathy (Bonilla, 2020 (3), 2), a new generation of Puerto Rican proletariat rose up in the summer of 2019 and declared "ya no se deja" (no more). This meant the rejection of the government's elitist rhetoric exposed in the Rickyleaks scandal, of the increasing privatization of education on the island, the continued relegation of the island to a colonial state, and a unilateral declaration that, in the words of poet Raquel Salas Rivera, "[Puerto Ricans] owe no one shame [nor] smallness". I created this research-based narrative as a part of my honors thesis, which focuses on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Puerto Rico's tourism industry. The creative research done here helped me to understand the infrastructural, social, and economic damage done unto Puerto Rico. In the last forty years, increasing neoliberal policy and privatization has led to an already extant apathy increase in toxicity. In the aftermath of Hurricane María, many Puerto Rican communities in the interior of the island were left stranded by the government. Today, the COVID-19 pandemic has taken its own effects, with the continued pro-business government mindset focused on the provision of opportunity zones to foreign investors. Through this project, I demonstrate how the populous has historically reacted to that mindset, with a particular focus on the protests seen in the summer of 2019. I also speculate on how Puerto Ricans could rise up once more. Continued governmental incompetence could very well reactualize an indigenous, autonomous, and revolutionary spirit akin to that of their jíbaro ancestors.

Ya no se deja represents the culmination of Puerto Rico's 500 year colonial history. I utilize historiographical texts and ethnographic works to chronicle the development of insular solidarity. This narrative project focuses on proletarian lives spanning from the early days of Spanish Empire up to the COVID-19 pandemic. In spite of a government deemed "genocidal" in its apathy (Bonilla, 2020 (3), 2), a new generation of Puerto Rican proletariat rose up in the summer of 2019 and declared "ya no se deja" (no more). This meant the rejection of the government's elitist rhetoric exposed in the Rickyleaks scandal, of the increasing privatization of education on the island, the continued relegation of the island to a colonial state, and a unilateral declaration that, in the words of poet Raquel Salas Rivera, "[Puerto Ricans] owe no one shame [nor] smallness". I created this research-based narrative as a part of my honors thesis, which focuses on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Puerto Rico's tourism industry. The creative research done here helped me to understand the infrastructural, social, and economic damage done unto Puerto Rico. In the last forty years, increasing neoliberal policy and privatization has led to an already extant apathy increase in toxicity. In the aftermath of Hurricane María, many Puerto Rican communities in the interior of the island were left stranded by the government. Today, the COVID-19 pandemic has taken its own effects, with the continued pro-business government mindset focused on the provision of opportunity zones to foreign investors. Through this project, I demonstrate how the populous has historically reacted to that mindset, with a particular focus on the protests seen in the summer of 2019. I also speculate on how Puerto Ricans could rise up once more. Continued governmental incompetence could very well reactualize an indigenous, autonomous, and revolutionary spirit akin to that of their jíbaro ancestors.

Doctor Colonel Bailey Ashford came to Puerto Rico with the military forces that invaded Puerto Rico in 1898. This was a time when U.S. expansionist ideas converged with a scientific racialized discourse and constructed an identity for what was considered the "typical" Puerto Rican. Imperial and local public health campaigns aided in the "americanization" process on the island as the voice of physicians asserted themselves in the political and public debates of the early twentieth century. This investigation takes a look at how doctors like Ashford and other prominent local physicians constructed the image of the Puerto Rican jibaro (mountain agricultural worker) through the anemia campaigns during the first 15 years of U.S. rule. This piece unites literary-discursive interpretation with some medical anthropology to produce a historical narrative. ; El doctor coronel Bailey Ashford llegó a Puerto Rico junto con las fuerzas militares que invadieron la isla en 1898. Esta fue una época donde ideas expansionistas de los Estados Unidos convergieron con el discurso científico de índole racial y llegaron a construir una identidad de lo que se consideraba el puertorriqueño "típico". Algunas campañas de salud pública imperialistas y locales fueron claves en el proceso de "americanización" (Estados Unidos) de Puerto Rico, al mismo tiempo que los médicos se colocaron en el centro del debate público y político de comienzos del siglo XX. Esta investigación analiza la manera en que los doctores como Ashford y otros médicos prominentes de la isla construyeron la imagen del jibaro puertorriqueño (trabajador agrícola de la zona interior, cafetalera) a través de las campañas contra la anemia durante los primeros 15 años bajo el gobierno estadounidense. Este ensayo une la interpretación literario-discursiva con algunos elementos de la antropología de la medicina con el fin de producir una narrativa histórica.

Birth of a nation: a labor of thirty years, 1868-1898 -- Puerto Rican a la Americana: a hearts and minds campaign, 1898-1914 -- A new day has dawned: World War I and mobilization of the jibaro -- War against the yankees! Prelude to the battle over modern Puerto Rico -- Education, industrialization, and decolonization: the battlefields of World War II -- Fighting for the "nation"? war at home and abroad

This essay studies cultural representations of Puerto Rico's economic boom and 1952 shift in legal status to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. It suggests that apprehending these events requires the reframing of Puerto Rican migration as global phenomena. Drawing on the historical and cultural scholarship on Puerto Rican migration, Operation Bootstrap, and US empire, Tolentino analyzes the famous musical film West Side Story (1961), but also the Hollywood film Sabrina (1954) and Island productions El Otro Camino (The Other Road, 1955) and Maruja (1958). In contrast to prevailing views, she interprets these films as narratives about migration and modernization that engage the discourse of sentimental modernization, the figure of the jíbaro, and the idea of small town Puerto Rico. In so doing, they reveal the global vision at the center of the Operation Bootstrap development plan and Commonwealth formation. The concluding section suggests how the films take up issues in Puerto Rico's historiography. Rather than merely illuminating a forgotten historical period of 1950s Puerto Rico, the 1950s films negotiate Puerto Rico's geographical, political, and cultural locations by rethinking institutionalized meanings of 1898 in discourses of Puerto Rico historiography and US empire. Proposing new ways of interpreting the introduction of the Commonwealth in 1952 makes possible the revision of dominant conceptions of 1898 rooted in nation, government, and constitutional law.

[ES]La creación del Estado Libre Asociado supuso la culminación de un proceso de negociación de dos entes políticos en relación asimétrica: los Estados Unidos de América y la Isla de Puerto Rico. Luego de más de cien años de dominación estadounidense, en los que la isla ha quedado sujeta a unas constantes campañas de anglicanización, los puertorriqueños no dominan el idioma inglés, la lengua de la metrópoli. Un vistazo de mayor rigor apunta a una relación en la que el colonizado ( el puertorriqueño) se resiste a asumir la lengua del colonizador. El presente trabajo apunta a una revisión de las narrativas históricas y sociales que engloban las traduccíones de los documentos que fundan el Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, una autonomía estricamente local que permite que los puertorriqueños puedan gobernarse en ese ámbito sin perder su cultura ni su lengua. La hispótesis principal de esta Tesis Doctoral es que la Traducción planteada desde las teorías suscritas al giro cultural, efectivamente, pueden desempeñar una función revisora del discurso identitario de un pueblo subalterno. Para ello, es necesario llevar a cabo un estudio exhaustivo de las narrativas históricas e ideológicas que abarcan el periodo estudiado (1898-1952), luego, se desarrolla y expona la aportación de la Teoría de la Traducción al debate de la identidad del puertorriqueño que se centra en la figura del campesino rural, llamado locamente "jíbaro". En el análisis se plantea la creación de una identidad puertorriqueña en los documentos jurídicos del entorno metropolitano, tanto para controlar la isla políticamente como para marginar a los elementos subalternos. Además, se ofrece un análisis comparativo del código jurídico puertorriqueño, las Leyes de Puerto Rico Anotadas y su versión en inglés Laws of Puerto Rico Annotated para poner en evidencia en el texto traducido las diferentes narrativas, discursos e ideologías que convergen en ellos. Así, podemos plantear cómo el entorno gubernamental de una isla subalterna ha recurrido a estrategias traductológicas para poder sobrevivir como pueblo. Se confirma, entonces, que la identidad no es unitaria, sino una multiplicidad de voces que conviven, chocan, armonizar y convergen en el mismo espacio. ; [EN]The creation of the Commonwealth was the culmination of a process of negotiation of two political entities in asymmetrical relationship : United States of America and the island of Puerto Rico . After over one hundred years of American domination, in which the island has been subject to a constant campaigns Anglicisation , Puerto Ricans are not fluent in English, the language of the metropolis. A more rigorous look points to a relationship in which the colonized ( Puerto Rican ) refuses to take the language of the colonizer. This paper points to a review of the historical and social narratives that include translations of the documents underlying the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , one estricamente local autonomy that allows Puerto Ricans can govern in this area without losing their culture or their language. The main hispótesis of this thesis is that the translation from raised subscribed cultural turn theories may indeed play a role of reviewer identity discourse of subaltern people. For this it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the historical and ideological narratives spanning the period studied (1898-1952) , then it is developed and exposed the contribution of Translation Theory to the discussion of the identity of Puerto Rican focuses on the figure of the rural peasant, called locally " jibaro " . In analyzing the creation of a Puerto Rican identity in legal documents arises in the metropolitan area , both to control the island politically to marginalize subordinate elements. In addition , a comparative analysis of the Puerto Rican legal code , Laws of Puerto Rico Annotated English version and Laws of Puerto Rico Annotated to highlight the text translated in different narratives , discourses and ideologies that they converge on offer. So , we can ask how the government setting a subordinate island has used traductological strategies to survive as a people. Is confirmed, then , that identity is not unitary , but a multiplicity of voices coexist , collide, harmonize and converge in the same space .