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Essay about the possible meanings and legitimate invocations of the term "Islamic government". In the author's view Islam does not recommend any specific form of government. As he sees it, Islam is absolutely against the so-called religious government which makes the leader infallible and works against the freedom and interests of the ruled. (DÜI-Hns)

Translation of al-Hukūmah al-Islāmīyah. ; Includes index. ; Mode of access: Internet.

One of the significant conditions of the progress of a democratic society is the clash of ideas for surveying them from different aspects, which is the result of a free space, and is called as criticism. Since beside the western democratic countries, there are a few countries within the Islamic world, especially in the Middle East such as Iran, who, having Islam, try to perform democracy as well, it is necessary for them to know the method of establishing the culture of criticism as one of its basic principles. This article is to speak about the essence, necessities, and conditions of criticism. The direct relation between the durability of the governments and the peoples' right to criticize the governments' functions is another issue that is discussed in this article. Applying the theoretical and Islamic sources proves that both Shi'ite and Sunni sects can potentially support governmental criticism. The referencing style of this research is based on the Chicago style.

This paper argues that the mature form of the political doctrine of the Ayatollah Khomeini (1902–89), Iranian Shiite religious authority and architect of the Islamic Republic of Iran, grew out of an encounter with the modern understanding of the state and the concept of sovereignty. Khomeini's political doctrine, called the Absolute Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, although based on a religious foundation, should be studied as a break with the traditional understanding of political power in Shiism. It will be argued that such a political doctrine can play the same role as the Christian rhetoric of the early modern political thinkers played, pave the way for modernization of Shiite political thought, and prepare the ground for a modern temporal conception of politics.

In January 1988, the Speaker of Parliament, Hojjat al-Islam ' Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, delivered a lengthy Friday sermon (khuţbah) in which he discussed a "very important message" previously issued by the "leader," Ayatollah Khomeini. The message, as expounded by Rafsanjani, was a reiteration of Khomeini's well-known views on the nature and function of Islamic Government and, specifically, on the duties and privileges of the ulama as the political leaders of the Muslim community. The gist of the sermon was that "it is the jurists (fuqahā') who determine the Muslims' way of life under every condition and at any given time." In a world where "people extract economic minerals from the depths of the earth," where "war is waged for the conquest of space and Mars," and where "atom [bombs] are built … as weapons of intimidation," the Qur'an could not provide answers to all problems and issues.

Während in der Literatur die Ansicht vorherrscht, daß Khomeinis Nachfolger Rafsanjani und Khatami das Regime "entrevolutionierten" und im Weberschen Sinn rationalisierten, vertritt der Autor die These, daß bereits Khomeini gegen Ende seines Lebens (Ende 1987 bis Juni 1989) ideologische und institutionelle Änderungen in Gang brachte und so die Voraussetzungen für den Rationalisierungsprozeß schuf. (DÜI-Cls)

Abstrak Islam agama yang sangat banyak dianut umat manusia didunia, Pew Research Center (PRC) menurut hasil risetnya, diperkirakan tahun 2070 Islam akan dianut oleh kebanyakan penduduk dunia dan penentu masa depan peradaban dunia. yang mengakibatkan akan terjadi transformasi sistem pemerintahan dunia melaksanakan roda pemerintahan menggunakan sistem pemerintahan islam dengan ketetapan Hukum Syuro'.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimanakah Hukum Syuro' dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Islam. Metode yang digunakan tercakup dalam penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil Penelitian menemukan bahwa dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Islam hukum Syuro' tidak bisa lepas dari ajaran islam, sehingga Al-Qur'an dan hadis menjadi dasar hukum pemerintahan dan pemerintah. syuro' memiliki karakter hukum bersifat wajib, bersifat pilihan, bersifat mengikat atau keterkaitan.Penulis menyarankan dalam konteks mengimplementasikan Hukum Syuro' terhadap sistem pemerintahan Islam, diperlukan suatu ketaatan dan kesadaran dari umat Islam terhadap keputusan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah melalui hasil Syuro', sehingga Hukum yang ditetapkan menjadi bersifat wajib dan mengikat tanpa ada bersifat pilihan. Abstract Islam is very much embraced the human race in the world, one of the institutes in the United States were named Pew Research Center (PRC) argues through his research, Islam was about to become the religion professed by the majority of the world's population, which is estimated established in 2070. interpret Islam determining the future of world civilization which resulted in the magnitude of the change in the world government system carrying out the wheels of government through an Islamic government system with the provisions of theLaw Syuro'. This study focuses on discussing how theLaw is Syuro' in the Islamic Government System, which aims to find out how theLaw is Syuro' in the Islamic Government System. The method used in this research is covered in normative legal research. With special specifications on the study of documentation, collecting data and documents needed, namely citing, reviewing, and adapting material from books (literature) or literature searches that have to do with the problems discussed, both in the form of books, papers and articles. articles and other scientific writings that are considered representative. The type of research used is descriptive using a Conceptual Approach and a Historical Approach. The results of the study found that in the Islamic Government System, thelaw Syuro' cannot be separated from Islamic teachings, so that the Qur'an and hadith become the legal basis for Islamic government, for a government to exercise its authority. according to experts and scholars, '' law Syuro' has a legal character based on its nature, some are mandatory, optional, binding or related.