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Interpersonal short video forwarding is currently one of the most popular activities of Internet users. One of the key factors that affects this online interpersonal behavior is forwarding intention. In this study, a quality perception → benefit expectation → intention model
was proposed to explain the formation of video forwarding intention. To test the model data were collected from 210 undergraduate students. The results showed that perceptions of the quality of the content and empathy affect 3 benefit expectations of control, inclusion, and affection. In addition,
control, inclusion, and affection affect forwarding intention.

This Book deals with the psychological effects of extremist propaganda videos. It particularly asks the question how young adults in Germany respond to right-wing as well as Islamic extremist videos which can be found on the Internet today. This is not a book about terrorism, but about the potential conditions which might facilitate a climate of receptivity for radical messages in a young mass audience with diverging cultural and educational background and different attitudes and values. The so called web 2.0, with its mostly unfiltered, user-created content provides unprecedented opportunities for extremists to present themselves and uncensored ideas to a mass audience. This internet propaganda is created in order to increase attention and interest for extremist ideas and group memberships. It also aims to indoctrinate the recipients and, as a last consequence, to foster radicalization. The radicalizing potential has been feared by international security agencies and mass media. Nevertheless, not even the early stage effects of extremist propaganda in terms of raising attention and interest have yet been analyzed empirically. They are however necessary preconditions in order for propaganda to envelope a radicalizing effect. The current studies close this gap by focusing on this early stage effects. We analyzed how a non-radicalized audience responds to extremist internet videos. For the first time, based on a content analysis of actual right-wing and Islamic extremist Internet videos, our study used state-of-the-art methods from experimental media psychology for tracking the emotional and cognitive responses of a broad sample of 450 young male adults. As expected, we mostly found rejection and never strong acceptance for the extremist videos. Still, specific production styles and audience characteristics were able to cause at least neutral attitudes underpinning the strategic potential of internet propaganda. In the end, our studies might result in more questions than answers. However, we are confident that the conceptual as well as the methodological way chosen is most promising as to approach a deeper understanding of the first effects of extremist Internet propaganda.

Background: Internet-videos, though popular sources of public health information, are often unverified and anecdotal. We critically evaluated YouTube videos about Zika virus available during the recent Zika pandemic. Methods: Hundred-and-one videos were retrieved from YouTube (search term: zika virus). Based upon content, they were classified as: informative, misleading or personal experience videos. Quality and reliability of these videos were evaluated using standardized tools. The viewer interaction metrics (e.g. no. of views, shares, etc.), video characteristics (video length, etc.) and the sources of upload were also assessed; and their relationship with the type, quality and reliability of the videos analyzed. Results: Overall, 70.3% videos were informative, while 23.8% and 5.9% videos were misleading and related to personal experiences, respectively. Although with shorter lengths (P < 0.01) and superior quality (P < 0.01), yet informative videos were viewed (P = 0.054), liked (P < 0.01) and shared (P < 0.05) less often than their misleading counterparts. Videos from independent users were more likely to be misleading (adjusted OR = 6.48, 95% CI: 1.69 – 24.83), of poorer (P < 0.05) quality and reliability than government/news agency videos. Conclusion: A considerable chunk of the videos were misleading. They were more popular (than informative videos) and could potentially spread misinformation. Videos from trustworthy sources like university/health organizations were scarce. Curation/authentication of health information in online video platforms (like YouTube) is necessary. We discuss means to harness them as useful source of information and highlight measures to curb dissemination of misinformation during public health emergencies.

Die Nutzung von YOUTUBE, dem derzeit meistbesuchten Videoportal weltweit, gehört für viele Internetuser längst zum Alltag: Selbstgedrehte Videos werden zur Schau gestellt, kommentiert, parodiert oder neu abgemischt. Dabei verkörpert die Plattform wie kaum eine zweite das 'Mitmach-Web' mit all seinen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten und Kommunikationsformen. Doch was passiert mit irritierenden Videos, die auf parodistische Art und Weise gegen Sexismus und andere gesellschaftliche Zustände protestieren? Welchen Effekt haben sie? Welche gesamtgesellschaftliche Bedeutung kommt Ihnen zu und wie reagiert die Community? Jennifer Eickelmann stellt sich diesen Fragen und untersucht die Wirkung parodistischer Videos auf die Wahrnehmung sozialer Probleme und die Möglichkeit, sich innerhalb des Portals mit ihnen auseinanderzusetzen. Kann das Internet leisten, was der Feminismus fordert: 'Neue Gleichheit im Netz - jenseits von Sexismus?'

Vorwort; Inhalt; 1Einleitung; 2Alles, was du für den Erfolg auf ­YouTube brauchst; 2.1Fast erfolgreich gescheitert; 2.2Der erfolgreichste Start eines Partnerkanals; 3YouTube - Das unbekannte Wesen; 3.1Was ist YouTube?; 3.2Was gibts auf YouTube? Der Fremdenführer; Die großen deutschen YouTube-Kanäle: Coldmirror; 4In 10 Minuten zum YouTuber; 4.1Anmelden bei YouTube; 4.2Kanal einrichten; 4.3Video drehen/schneiden/komprimieren; 4.4Eigene Videos hochladen; 4.5Fremde Videos verlinken; Die großen deutschen YouTube-Kanäle: Alberto; 5Videos machen; 5.1Das Wichtigste: der Ton!

As Internet technology has advanced, consumers have increasingly opted to view video content on their computer, tablet, and smartphone screens instead of their television screens. In American Broadcasting Cos. v. Aereo, Inc. ("Aereo III"), decided in 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected one of the more creative methods of delivering content via the Internet, closing a legal loophole by ruling that a company could not escape copyright liability by characterizing its retransmission of content as simply providing the consumer with equipment. Although the ruling definitively answered one question that had been subject to debate, the battle over Internet broadcasting has simply moved to another arena. The decision has led Aereo and similar companies to argue that they should be allowed to take advantage of the compulsory licensing scheme available to "cable systems" under Section 111 of the Copyright Act. The result of this new debate could have far-reaching effects on how consumers can access television content and on how the courts will interpret the Copyright Act in the future. This Note examines the decisions made in the wake of Aereo III that have addressed the application of Section 111 and, in particular, contrasts the reasoning of Fox v. Aereokiller, in which the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California held that Internet rebroadcasting services are eligible for a compulsory license under Section 111, with the reasoning of courts that have come to the opposite conclusion. This Note argues that both the text of Section 111 and its legislative history demonstrate that Internet rebroadcasting services fall under the statutory definition of "cable system." It further argues that granting access to the compulsory licensing scheme would accomplish the important policy goal of increasing competition in the marketplace.

• Purpose: The current study explores the spillover effects of offensive commenting in online community from the lens of emotional and behavioral contagion. Specifically, it examines the contagion of swearing –a linguistic mannerism that conveys high arousal emotion –based upon two mechanisms of contagion: mimicry and social interaction effect. • Design/methodology/approach: The study performs a series of mixed-effect logistic regressions to investigate the contagious potential of offensive comments collected from YouTube in response to Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign videos posted between January and April 2016. • Findings: The study examines non-random incidences of two types of swearing online: public and interpersonal. Findings suggest that a first-level (a.k.a. parent) comment's public swearing tends to trigger chains of interpersonal swearing in the second-level (a.k.a. child) comments. Meanwhile, among the child-comments, a sequentially preceding comment's swearing is contagious to the following comment only across the same swearing type. Based on the findings, the study concludes that offensive comments are contagious and have impact on shaping the community-wide linguistic norms of online user interactions. • Originality/value: The study discusses the ways in which an individual's display of offensiveness may influence and shape discursive cultures on the Internet. This study delves into the mechanisms of text-based contagion by differentiating between mimicry effect and social interaction effect. While online emotional contagion research to this date has focused on the difference between positive and negative valence, Internet research that specifically look at the contagious potential of offensive expressions remain sparse. Keywords: Verbal Aggression, Offensive Comments, Emotional Contagion, Swearing and Profanity, Linguistic Mimicry, YouTube ; Kwon, K. H., & Gruzd, A. (2017). Is Offensive Commenting Contagious Online? Examining Public vs. Interpersonal Swearing in Response to Donald Trump's YouTube Campaign Videos. Internet Research, 27(4), 991-1010, https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-02-2017-0072

Noch vor kurzer Zeit galt ausländischen Beobachtern das Internet in China als demokratiefördernd. Diese Gefahr sieht auch die Kommunistische Partei, nutzt unter Xi Jinping das World Wide Web aber immer intensiver, um seine Botschaften zu verbreiten. Die oft skurril anmutenden Online-Videos signalisieren : Peking fühlt sich missverstanden. (IP)