Suchergebnisse

Health and the International Tourist, first published in 1996, examines key relationships between travel, tourism and health. Particular attention is given to the behaviour and lifestyle of tourists and approaches to reducing the health risks associated with international travel and tourism. This book will be of interest to students of health and tourism.

The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of tourism arrivals and tourist expenditure on economic growth in case of four developing countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) using annual data from 1995 to 2016. To achieve this objective, we apply Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality test and panel data models. The results indicate that tourist expenditure has a positive impact on economic growth. Further, the results show that tourist arrivals do not have any significant effect on economic growth. The direction of causality shows that tourist expenditure has bidirectional causality with economic growth. The policy suggests that the investment environment must be upgraded through appropriate measures such as deregulation in economic activity; developing the port facilities, road network, railways, and telecommunication facilities; achieving clarity in trade policy and flexibility in labor markets; and setting a suitable regulatory framework and tariff structure and the country must grow in terms of better facilities and infrastructure for tourists.

The article considers the role of tourism in the world economy, analyzes the current state of international tourist flows in Ukraine, identifies the main problems of this industry and determines the further prospects of tourism development. At present, a market of tourist services, which are in great demand, is being formed. Analysis and forecast of aggregate demand in the world tourist market has shown that the number of tourists every year increases, and trends in increasing the tourist flow in the near future will maintain. The situation with tourism in Ukraine is unstable: since 2000, tourist flows to our country grew each year until 2014, when the number of tourists dropped sharply due to the global financial crisis, political, economic and social tension in Ukraine, the annexation of Crimea. However, in 2016, compared with 2015, tourist flows to Ukraine grew by 6.77% (from 12.4 million people in 2015 to 13.3 in 2016). Ukraine has continued to import tourist services in recent years. This is because our tourists go on vacation to foreign countries and there finance their tourism activities, paying for the relevant services. The advantage of importing tourism over exports negatively affects the general state of the economy of our country. Nevertheless, the study of inbound and outbound tourist flows of Ukraine allows us to conclude that their unconstrained increase during 2000-2016, which results, among other factors, in increasing the tourist activity of Ukrainian citizens, saturation of consumer demand with a national tourist product, on the one hand, and increase the interest of foreign citizens in the national tourist market.

As the capital of Vietnam, Hanoi boasts itself of a rich culture, historical and traditional values that draw attention of many foreigners. There are enormous potentials for the tourism development, but the city still cannot attract as many tourists as expected due to the monotonous tourism services and products. Thus, the study was conducted to explore the relationship between the international tourists" initial expectations and their perceptions to examine their (dis-)satisfaction level with the current tourism destination attributes in Hanoi. By using the utility of mixed-method design as a data collection, the study contemporaneously analyzed both quantitative and qualitative data. In the quantitative research, the survey questionnaire was investigated the opinions and feedback from 246 foreign tourists who visited Hanoi in summer, 2012. The HOLSAT model was applied as a valuable tool to elaborate the (dis-)satisfaction of tourists at the destination. Additionally, it has been inspired by the face-to-face interview with seven tour operators to gain insights into the problems and contribution of their current business toward Hanoi tourism and international tourists to the city. Further, the research proposes some suggestions to improve the positive image of the city as an attracting tourist destination. These suggestions aim to improve the visitors" satisfaction and their willingness to revisit. Finally, the thesis would provide useful insights to local government and tour operators in better planning and managing tourism activities to maximize both visitors" satisfaction and profitability of tourism enterprises, and at the same time sustain natural resources in the long term.

The objectives of the paper is to: (1) adopt the hierarchical forecasting methods in modelling and forecasting international tourist arrivals in Zimbabwe; and (2) coming up with Zimbabwe international tourist arrivals Prediction Intervals (PIs) in Quantile Regression Averaging (QRA) to hierarchical tourism forecasts. Zimbabwe's monthly international tourist arrivals data from January 2002 to December 2018 was used. The dataset used was before the COVID-19 period and were disaggregated according to the purpose of the visit (POV). Three hierarchical forecasting approaches, namely top-down, bottom-up and optimal combination approaches were applied to the data. The results showed the superiority of the bottom-up approach over both the top-down and optimal combination approaches. Forecasts indicate a general increase in aggregate series. The combined methods provide a new insight into modelling tourist arrivals. The approach is useful to the government, tourism stakeholders, and investors among others, for decision-making, resource mobilisation and allocation. The Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA) could adopt the forecasting techniques to produce informative and precise tourism forecasts. The data set used is before the COVID-19 pandemic and the models indicate what could happen outside the pandemic. During the pandemic the country was under lockdown with no tourist arrivals to report on. The models are useful for planning purposes beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

International tourism is a major source of export receipts for many countries worldwide. Although it is not yet one of the most important industries in Taiwan (or the Republic of China), an island in East Asia off the coast of mainland China (or the People's Republic of China), the leading tourism source countries for Taiwan are Japan, followed by USA, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, UK, Germany and Australia. These countries reflect short, medium and long haul tourist destinations. Although the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong are large sources of tourism to Taiwan, the political situation is such that tourists from these two sources to Taiwan are reported as domestic tourists. Daily data from 1 January 1990 to 30 June 2007 are obtained from the National Immigration Agency of Taiwan. The Heterogeneous Autoregressive (HAR) model is used to capture long memory properties in the data. In comparison with the HAR(1) model, the estimated asymmetry coefficients for GJR(1,1) are not statistically significant for the HAR(1,7) and HAR(1,7,28) models, so that their respective GARCH(1,1) counterparts are to be preferred. These empirical results show that the conditional volatility estimates are sensitive to the long memory nature of the conditional mean specifications. Although asymmetry is observed for the HAR(1) model, there is no evidence of leverage. The QMLE for the GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1) and EGARCH(1,1) models for international tourist arrivals to Taiwan are statistically adequate and have sensible interpretations. However, asymmetry (though not leverage) was found only for the HAR(1)model, and not for the HAR(1,7) and HAR(1,7,28) models.