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Recognition plays a multifaceted role in international theory. In rarely communicating literatures, the term is invoked to explain creation of new states and international structures; policy choices by state and non-state actors; and normative justifiability, or lack thereof, of foreign and international politics. The purpose of this symposium is to open new possibilities for imagining and studying recognition in international politics by drawing together different strands of research in this area. More specifically, the forum brings new attention to controversies on the creation of states, which has traditionally been a preserve for discussion in International Law, by invoking social theories of recognition that have developed as part of International Relations more recently. It is suggested that broadening imagination across legal and social approaches to recognition provides the resources needed for theories with this object to be of maximal relevance to political practice.

The author argues that the problem of recognition of state sovereignty has been neglected in international law despite its essential significance for international politics. He examines the consequences of new developments & the political practice of recognition after the breakdown of communism. General considerations are supported by a detailed analysis of the cases of recognition of post-USSR & post-Yugoslav states. The new practice of recognition has provided great momentum in the development of international law, which is progressing toward full recognition of the right to self-determination, including a right to secede. 34 References. Adapted from the source document.

Recognition plays a multifaceted role in international theory. In rarely communicating literatures, the term is invoked to explain creation of new states and international structures; policy choices by state and non-state actors; and normative justifiability, or lack thereof, of foreign and international politics. The purpose of this symposium is to open new possibilities for imagining and studying recognition in international politics by drawing together different strands of research in this area. More specifically, the forum brings new attention to controversies on the creation of states, which has traditionally been a preserve for discussion in International Law, by invoking social theories of recognition that have developed as part of International Relations more recently. It is suggested that broadening imagination across legal and social approaches to recognition provides the resources needed for theories with this object to be of maximal relevance to political practice. Adapted from the source document.

International audience ; International recognition has generally been discussed from the point of view of international law and modern history. By contrast, this volume takes a long-term perspective of more than two thousand years of European and world history and approaches the issue of recognition as a political process.

International audience ; International recognition has generally been discussed from the point of view of international law and modern history. By contrast, this volume takes a long-term perspective of more than two thousand years of European and world history and approaches the issue of recognition as a political process.

International audience ; International recognition has generally been discussed from the point of view of international law and modern history. By contrast, this volume takes a long-term perspective of more than two thousand years of European and world history and approaches the issue of recognition as a political process.

Abkhazia's contested status is a source of geopolitical conflict between states and alliances. But how has the campaign to expand this unrecognised state's network of diplomatic contacts been conducted? Using a wealth of contemporary archival material made available by Wikileaks, combined with interviews with key players in the process, this article investigates efforts to secure recognition for Abkhazia in the post-Soviet space, Latin America and amongst the South Pacific microstates. Different regions presented particular challenges and produced variable outcomes, some of which are counter-intuitive. Despite Russia's pre-eminence in the former USSR and its impressive arsenal of inducements and threats, the Kremlin failed to secure a single recognition for Abkhazia, though not from want of asking. Distant Latin America, where internecine Caucasian conflicts mattered little but alliances with Russian and antipathy towards the US were strong, produced the early recognitions and some near misses. As veterans of the China-Taiwan dispute, the microstates of the South Pacific region included many veterans of earlier diplomatic tugs-of-war. With sovereignty for sale, recognitions had a price and could potentially be reversed if these miniature states were presented with a better offer. A final recognition provided by Syria was in large part payback for Russia saving Bashir Al-Assad's regime from oblivion. With some recognitions dependent on personalities or regimes rather than enduring inter-state solidarity and others influenced by pecuniary considerations, all are vulnerable.

Über Internationale Anerkennung wird im Allgemeinen aus der Sicht des Völkerrechts und mit einem Fokus auf die Zeitgeschichte diskutiert. Im Gegensatz dazu nimmt dieser Band eine langfristige Perspektive von mehr als 2.000 Jahren europäischer und Weltgeschichte ein und nähert sich der Frage der Anerkennung als einem politischen Prozess.InhaltsübersichtDaniel Emilio Rojas/Warren Pezé: The international Order Under Threat. A Historical and Political Perspective on Recognition – Ernst Baltrusch: Anerkennung als Mittel der Expansion. Das jüdisch-römische Bündnis von 161 v. Chr. – Christoph Galle: Die innere und äußere Anerkennung fränkischer Herrschaft zur Zeit Karls des Großen – Warren Pezé: Diplomatie et reconnaissance mutuelle sous la Confraternité carolingienne (855–877) – Anuschka Tischer: A New Order? The Recognition and Non-Recognition of New States in the Peace of Westphalia (1648) – Daniel Emilio Rojas: The Recognition of Latin-American Independences: A Major Transformation in the History of the Law of Nations – Georg Schild: The Wilson Administration and Soviet Russia: The Debate over Granting Diplomatic Recognition to a Revolutionary Regime, 1917–1921 – Amit Das Gupta: An Uneasy Choice: India and the two Germanies 1949 – Pierre Bouillon: La diplomatie française face à la revendication roumaine d'indépendance par rapport à l'URSS: Une remise en cause ambiguë de l'ordre de la Guerre froide – Daniel Högger: »Recognitional Fitness«: Revealing Patterns of Acceptance