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To better understand the way social networks operate in the labor market, we propose two simple models where individuals help each other finding a job. In the first one, job information flows between individuals having a link with each other and we show that an equilibrium with a clustering of workers with the same status is likely to emerge since, in the long run, employed workers tend to be friends with employed workers. In the second model, individuals interact with both strong and weak ties and decide how much time they spend with each of them. As in Granovetter, this model stresses the strength of weak ties in finding a job because they involve a secondary ring of acquaintances who have contacts with networks outside ego's network and therefore offer new sources of information on job opportunities. We then discuss some policy implications showing how these models can explain why ethnic minorities tend to experience higher unemployment rate than workers from the majority group. Adapted from the source document.

Dix enfants sourds-aveugles, âgés de 13 à 15 ans, sont filmés lors d'interactions avec un éducateur adulte dans une situation semi-structurée de résolution de problème. Deux facteurs sont manipulés : la disponibilité du partenaire adulte (disponible / non disponible) et son statut (familier / non familier).
Un logiciel détecte automatiquement les combinaisons non aléatoires (patterns) d'au moins deux comportements élémentaires relevés pour chacun des interactants.
L'analyse de contenu des patterns montre les compétences sociales des sujets (attirer l'attention; indiquer un réfèrent; requérir la coopération autrui...) et l'adaptation de leurs conduites à la disponibilité et au statut du partenaire, plutôt qu'un fonctionnement pathologique des interactions.

In dit artikel stellen wij een onderzoek voor naar het inter-etnisch geweld dat de protagonisten van de etnische minderheid (de zwarten) en de meerderheid (de blanken) verdeeld houdt. Onze gegevens tonen aan dat de inter-etnisch agressies veel frequenter voorkomen binnen de metro-stations van Montreal dan globaal genomen over heel het grondgebied van Montreal. Om deze élémentaire structuur van de etnische samenstelling van de geweldscnminaliteit in de metro en in heel Montreal te verklaren, stellen wij een analytisch model voor dat aantoont dat het om voorzienbare feiten gaat, rekening houdend met inter-groepaire interacties de blanke meerderheid en de zwarte minderheid.

The existing literature shows that the social interactions in personal networks affect individuals' reproductive attitudes and behavior through three mechanisms: social influence, social learning, and social support. In this article, we discuss the extent to which the socio-psychological model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) takes these social mechanisms into account when used in modeling fertility intentions and behavior. We argue that by integrating all three social network mechanisms, the ability of the TPB to explain reproductive events could be enhanced in two respects. First, social influence explains why some beliefs and practices are reproduced at the individual level even in the face of macro-level changes, and social learning mechanisms are crucial to distinguish who finally adopts new behavioral beliefs and practices in response to changes at the macro level. Second, social support relationships represent a capital of services to complement institutional provision (informal child care) as well as a capital of knowledge which helps individuals navigate in a complex institutional environment, providing a crucial element to explain heterogeneity in the successful realization of fertility intentions across individuals. The integration of the three social network mechanisms into the TPB helps to address the connection between changes in what the theory indicates as background factors and variation in individual intentions and behavior. We develop specific hypotheses concerning the effect of social interactions on fertility intentions and their realization and conclude with a critical review of the existing surveys that could serve to test these hypotheses and their limits.