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Cover -- Book Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- List of Maps -- Introduction -- 1. The War in West Africa -- 2. Overview of a Desert Campaign -- 3. France's Fifty-Year Conquest of the Sahel -- 4. The French Foreign Legion -- 5. The Tuaregs and AQIM -- 6. Why did France Intervene Militarily? -- 7. Operations Serval and Barkhane -- 8. Third World Chariot: The Toyota Pickup -- 9. Understanding AQIM's Religious Credo -- 10. Drones, Reaction and Retaliation -- Notes -- Index -- Back Cover

Modern insurgency warfare presents fresh challenges for the United States, which must re-conceptualize its approach to fighting such conflicts. Because the dominant characteristics of insurgency--protractedness and ambiguity--effectively stymie the American military's approach to war, the United States needs to reorient its strategic thinking. The key to success is not for the U.S. military to become better at counterinsurgency, but for the U.S. military (and other elements of the government) to be skilled at helping local security and intelligence forces become effective at it. Adapting tactics and strategies to the realities on the ground is the not only pragmatic, but also crucial to success. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1760/thumbnail.jpg

Intro -- HOW TO GO TO YOUR PAGE -- Editor's Note -- Volume 1: Strategic and Tactical Considerations -- CONTENTS - Volume 1 -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Strategic and Tactical Considerations: An Introduction -- Part I: Strategic and Policy Dimensions -- 2 U.S. Grand Strategy for Countering Islamist Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century -- 3 Thinking Strategically: Can Democracy Defeat Terrorism? -- 4 Twenty-First Century Insurgencies: Understanding the Use of Terrorism as a Strategy -- 5 Developing and Implementing a Counterterrorism Policy in a Liberal Democracy -- 6 Morality, Ethics, and Law in the Global War on Terrorism (The Long War) -- 7 The Critical Role of Interagency Cooperation in Countering Suicide Bombings -- 8 The U.S. Government's Counterterrorism Research and Development Programs -- Part II: Hard Power -- 9 National Objectives in the Hands of Junior Leaders -- 10 Engaging Military Contractors in Counterterrorism and Security Operations -- 11 Manhunting: A Process to Find Persons of National Interest -- 12 Guerilla Warfare and Law Enforcement: Combating the 21st-Century Terrorist Cell within the United States -- 13 Combating Terror in U.S. Communities: The SWAT Mission -- Part III: Soft Power -- 14 Denying Terrorists Sanctuary through Civil Military Operations -- 15 Battlefronts in the War of Ideas -- 16 The Centrality of Ideology in Counterterrorism Strategies in the Middle East -- 17 Public Diplomacy as Strategic Communication -- 18 Cyber Mobilization: The Neglected Aspect of Information Operations and Counterinsurgency Doctrine -- 19 The Key Role of Psychological Operations in Countering Terrorism -- Part IV: Intelligence and Counterintelligence -- 20 The Contemporary Challenges of Counterterrorism Intelligence -- 21 Multinational Intelligence Cooperation.

This article focuses on the history of terrorism in West Africa in the first half of the 21st Century and attempts by regional and international bodies to combat it. It argues that although recently much attention has been paid to the sub region as a zone of terrorism, such terrorism has deeper historical roots and as such pre-dates the position taken by most contemporary scholars. West Africa has been a victim of terrorism over the years and to take on board only recent happenings is to do injustice to history. What has changed and continued? Who have been the key players? What attempts have been carried out by the respective organizations to stamp out terrorism?

The article analyzes how the problems of Russian history of the 21st century are presented in modern school textbooks on the history of Russia. The relevance of the studied problem is determined primarily by the importance of history textbooks for constructing memory policies. At the same time, attention is paid to insufficient coverage of the 2000s transformations in modern historiography. The representation of the last twenty years in Russian history textbooks is analyzed in comparison with expert assessments of economists, sociologists, and political scientists. The authors conclude that Russian history of the 21st century appears on the pages of officially approved textbooks as a consistent, ongoing process of the development of a state that is gaining power. The textbooks contain very similar interpretations of the last two decades compared to the history of the 1990s, where one can find different interpretations of events made by the same authors. In addition, in textbooks one can find a lot of borrowings from official and propaganda rhetoric. In relation to the events of the 1990s and earlier, the authors of the textbooks under study selected alternative points of view, and subsequent events are assessed by them unambiguously. It can be stated that in the studied textbooks, the history of the last twenty years reflects the goals of historical science only to a small extent. It corresponds to the goals of historical policy to a greater extent. This conclusion becomes more obvious in the framework of the studies of Russian scholars, which, regardless of their views, cannot be described as an apology for the actions of political leaders.