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In this chapter, we trace the emergence of institutional approaches in IR theory, outline three important areas of research on international institutions, and suggest promising directions for future research. The review demonstrates that rational choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism, and normative institutionalism, as developed in the study of domestic institutions, have constituted sources of inspiration in IR theory. At the same time, the relative absence of formal institutions in the international realm has encouraged IR scholars to theorize more subtle institutional forms and influences, with general implications for institutional analysis in political science.

Whether or not they are aware of it, managers do not fully control the nature and timing of their decisions. Their framework of action is limited by institutional constraints in the surrounding environment what is technically, economically, socially and culturally possible in different contexts. With a better understanding of their environment--and how it affects how they think, what they do and why they do it--decision-makers are also better able to make more carefully considered decisions about organizational change. In this book Staffan Furusten discusses why it is difficult for organizations around the world to resist the pressures of the institutional environment and how organizations worldwide--big and small, private and public--are becoming increasingly alike. Exploring institutional theory and organizational change, this lucid book is an introduction to institutional organizational analysis written for advance undergraduate and postgraduate students of organizations and management as well as for decision-makers and managers in organizations. The study brings attention to a few core concepts and the core arguments in institutional theory and presents them in an easily tangible model for understanding institutional pressure on organizations

Contemporary institutional analysis tends to emphasize the importance of psychological, social, & political elements in the study of organizations & to privilege the role of cognitive processes & symbol systems. Individual institutional analysts often differ, however, in the extent to which they emphasize the cognitive, normative, or regulative facets of institutions & in the way they situate these elements, whether they view cultures, structures, or routines as the primary carriers. Contributions to this book (abstracted in IRPS No. 85) on institutional theory & analysis bring together work from two different research traditions, provide empirical observations & longitudinal analyses of market-based forms, & focus on issues of agency & strategy. 1 Table. M. Maguire

"Institutions are fundamental aspects in driving tourism and hospitality globally. They are the socio-economic 'rules of the game' that serve to shape and constrain human and organisational interactions. This book is the first of its kind to provide a comprehensive overview of institutional theory in a tourism and hospitality context. The complexity and multiple scaled nature of the institutional environment plays a crucial role in the development and formation of tourism destinations, attractions, organisations, and businesses, as well as influencing the activities of individuals. Institutional theory therefore provides a means to understand the complexity and processes of change at different scales of analysis and provides insights into the organisational and political basis of tourism policy development and implementation. Chapters introduce and expand on institutional analysis in tourism and hospitality, institutional theory in the social sciences, methodological issues, and future directions in institutional analysis in tourism and hospitality, making use of case studies throughout. This book will appeal to students of Tourism, Hospitality, Leisure and Events, as well as other social science disciplines. Providing a comprehensive overview of and guide to the application of institutional theory, this book will serve as a comprehensive reference to institutional theory in a tourism and hospitality setting for years to come"--

The problem of the role of actors in institutional theory can be addressed in considering a model of institutional entrepreneurship. A sociological posing of this question defines institutional entrepreneurs as actors who have social skills, that is, the ability to motivate cooperation of other actors by providing them with common meanings and identities. The author argues that skill is applied differently across organizational fields that are forming, become stable, and are being transformed. To illustrate some of these principles, the author considers the example of the role of Jacques Delors in the framing of the Single Market Program of the European Union.

This volume contains two Open Access chapters. Digital transformation is permeating all domains of business and society. Digital Transformation and Institutional Theory explores how manifestations of digital transformation requires rethinking of our understanding and theorization of institutional processes. Showcasing a collaborative forum of organization and management theory scholars and information systems researchers, the authors enrich institutional theory approaches in understanding digital transformation. Advancing institutional perspectives with an agenda for future research and methodological reflections, the chapters delve into digital transformations in relation to institutional logics and technological affordances, professional projects and new institutional agents, institutional infrastructure, and field governance. This volume deepens our understanding of the pervasive and increasingly important relationship between technology and institutions and the response of existing professions to the emergence of digital technologies. Moreover, the authors offer a cutting-edge analysis of how new digital organizational forms affect institutional fields, their infrastructure, and thus their governance.

The paper is devoted to the problems of power in the institutional economic theory. The approaches to the analysis of the power phenomenon in various economic conceptions are considered. The underdevelopment of the problem of power in modern pure economics is emphasized. The methodological narrowness of the transactional approach to the power problems analysis is shown. The arguments for the necessity of including the problem of power into the subject of the economic analysis are formulated.