Argues that single irrigation systems managed by autonomous system-specific organizations accountable to their customers, perform better and are more sustainable than those managed by agencies dependent on the government, or by agencies responsible for multiple systems. Selected cases are reviewed and the plausibility of this hypothesis established. General recommendations are made for policy makers designing irrigation reform programs.
In IIMI; Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering. International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994. Draft conference papers. Vol.1. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Irrigation Management Institute (IIMI); Wuhan, China: Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering.
In Johnson, S. H.; Vermillion, D. L.; Sagardoy, J. A. (Eds.). Irrigation management transfer: selected papers from the International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994. Rome, Italy: FAO ; FAO Water Reports 5
International audience ; The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) adopted in 2000 set the objective of protecting and restoring water bodies across Europe. Despite the implementation of multiple regulatory and incentive-based policies to achieve the EU WFD objectives, diffuse pollution from agriculture remains a major threat on water quality. Decentralized cooperation involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders for limiting diffuse pollution in drinking water catchments has been recently developing in the French and European contexts. These cooperative arrangements rely on self-regulation among the key actors (water suppliers, farmers and other stakeholders) and target specific areas such as water catchments or water protection zones. The paper aims to identify the drivers and barriers to the achievement of EU water policy objectives in the agricultural sector by adopting a landscape perspective on water quality management. We apply a conceptual framework combining the Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) and the Institutional Design Principles (IDP) perspectives to analyze cooperation initiatives involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders to protect drinking water catchments from agricultural diffuse pollution. Three cases representing different cooperation types and water catchment areas in rural landscapes in France were investigated on the basis of primary data collected at the local, water-basin and national levels. The results show that the success of multi-stakeholder collective action depends on both local factors such as the characteristics of the water resource and stakeholders (knowledge, resources, trust and social capital) as well as on factors linked to the EU and national water and agricultural policy frameworks. Besides the identification of the drivers and constraints on the implementation of EU water policy in agricultural landscapes, the analysis highlights the conceptual added value in combining the IDP and ILM approaches for understanding collective action processes for water pollution control at the landscape level.
International audience ; The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) adopted in 2000 set the objective of protecting and restoring water bodies across Europe. Despite the implementation of multiple regulatory and incentive-based policies to achieve the EU WFD objectives, diffuse pollution from agriculture remains a major threat on water quality. Decentralized cooperation involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders for limiting diffuse pollution in drinking water catchments has been recently developing in the French and European contexts. These cooperative arrangements rely on self-regulation among the key actors (water suppliers, farmers and other stakeholders) and target specific areas such as water catchments or water protection zones. The paper aims to identify the drivers and barriers to the achievement of EU water policy objectives in the agricultural sector by adopting a landscape perspective on water quality management. We apply a conceptual framework combining the Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) and the Institutional Design Principles (IDP) perspectives to analyze cooperation initiatives involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders to protect drinking water catchments from agricultural diffuse pollution. Three cases representing different cooperation types and water catchment areas in rural landscapes in France were investigated on the basis of primary data collected at the local, water-basin and national levels. The results show that the success of multi-stakeholder collective action depends on both local factors such as the characteristics of the water resource and stakeholders (knowledge, resources, trust and social capital) as well as on factors linked to the EU and national water and agricultural policy frameworks. Besides the identification of the drivers and constraints on the implementation of EU water policy in agricultural landscapes, the analysis highlights the conceptual added value in combining the IDP and ILM approaches for understanding collective action processes for water pollution control at the landscape level.
International audience ; The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) adopted in 2000 set the objective of protecting and restoring water bodies across Europe. Despite the implementation of multiple regulatory and incentive-based policies to achieve the EU WFD objectives, diffuse pollution from agriculture remains a major threat on water quality. Decentralized cooperation involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders for limiting diffuse pollution in drinking water catchments has been recently developing in the French and European contexts. These cooperative arrangements rely on self-regulation among the key actors (water suppliers, farmers and other stakeholders) and target specific areas such as water catchments or water protection zones. The paper aims to identify the drivers and barriers to the achievement of EU water policy objectives in the agricultural sector by adopting a landscape perspective on water quality management. We apply a conceptual framework combining the Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) and the Institutional Design Principles (IDP) perspectives to analyze cooperation initiatives involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders to protect drinking water catchments from agricultural diffuse pollution. Three cases representing different cooperation types and water catchment areas in rural landscapes in France were investigated on the basis of primary data collected at the local, water-basin and national levels. The results show that the success of multi-stakeholder collective action depends on both local factors such as the characteristics of the water resource and stakeholders (knowledge, resources, trust and social capital) as well as on factors linked to the EU and national water and agricultural policy frameworks. Besides the identification of the drivers and constraints on the implementation of EU water policy in agricultural landscapes, the analysis highlights the conceptual added value in combining the IDP and ILM approaches for understanding collective action processes ...
In this paper I advance a model in which institutional innovation is induced by changes in resource endowments, cultural endowments, and technical change. I also introduce the role of advances in social science knowledge as a source of institutional innovation. The sources of institutional innovation are illustrated by changes in land tenure and labor relations in Philippine agriculture, by the transition from command and control to market-based systems of resource management in the United States, and by the development of institutional design principles based on studies of small-scale resource management. In a final section, I elaborate a pattern model that maps the relationships among changes in resource endowments, cultural endowments, technology, and institutions.
Policy scientists have long been concerned with understanding the basic tools, or instruments, that governments can use to accomplish their goals. The initial interest in inductively developing comprehensive lists of generic instruments for policy analysis soon gave way to efforts to discover more parsimonious, but still useful, specifications of the elementary components out of which instruments can be assembled. Moving from a generic instrument to a fully specified policy alternative, however, requires the designer to go much beyond the elementary components. Rather than directly specifying some of these details, the designer may instead set the rules by which they will be specified. The creation of these specifications and rules can be thought of as institutional design. This book helps scholars and policy analysts formulate more effective policy alternatives by a better understanding of institutional design. The feasibility and effectiveness of policies depend on the political, economic, and social contexts in which they are embedded. These contexts provide an environment of existing institutions that offer opportunities and barriers to institutional design. A fundamental understanding of institutional design requires theories of institutions and institutional change. With a resurgence of interest in institutions in recent years, there are many possible sources of theory. The contributors to this volume draw from the variety of sources to identify implications for understanding institutional design
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