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TODAY, GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS OFTEN SEEM TO BE IN THE position of the legendary caliph Harun al Raschid, who went about in disguise among his people in order to find out what they really thought, since he could not trust his servants to tell him the truth. This story puts in a nutshell some systematic questions:What kind of political information is circulating in society?What are the information 'needs' of government and how can they be satisified?How is information transformed or shaped in the political process, in society, in parliament, in government?To what degree is political information dependant on the respective structure and distribution of legitimate power Herrschuftsorganisation?What informal and organizational networks exist?What is the impact of the mass media? How far, if at all, do our present theories on information processes explain reality?How far is political information dependent on individual perception?What processes of feedback exist and what influence do these feedback processes exercise on the content of information and decision-making?

Conventional wisdom holds that the Congress is too fragmented to identify and act on national priorities. Yet through constant modifications Congress has managed to maintain its unique roles of access and creativity without centralization of power or major reorganization. Complementing and overlaying the crucial role played by the committee system is a network of information resources within the Congress that contributes to intelligent consideration of interrelated public policy concerns. Recent developments reveal strengthened staff support, more active party policy-making, reform of committee procedures and staffing, and expanded information, investigation, and analytical resources. Continuing improvements in congressional decision-making machinery will permit Congress to continue to be a partner with the President in representing the public interest.

Exceptions, situations that cannot be correctly processed by computer systems, occur frequently in computer-based information processes. Five perspectives on exceptions provide insights into why exceptions occur and how they might be eliminated or more efficiently handled. We investigate these perspectives using an in-depth study of an operating information process that has frequent exceptions. Our results support the use of a total quality management (TQM) approach of eliminating exceptions for some exceptions, in particular, those caused by computer systems that are poor matches to organizational processes. However, some exceptions are explained better by a political system perspective of conflicting goals between subunits. For these exceptions and several other types, designing an integrated human-computer process will provide better performance than will eliminating exceptions and moving toward an entirely automated process.

Current Global Agenda is inextricably linked with political campaigns, lobbyists, and official and opposition media that are constantly improving the ways to influence social processes. In the context of the intensifying competition, actors have to pay more and more attention to their own image in the international arena. The article considers the BRICS organization as a platform for interaction within the framework of the idea of moderate conservatism.BRICS is an important grouping bringing together the major emerging economies from the world. BRICS opens a space for dialogue, the identification of convergences and consultation regarding various topics, and expands contacts and cooperation in specific sectors. Events seeking the approximation between academics, activities for interested groups are increasingly organized as a pre-census practice. Such an media platform project would logically bring significant enhancements to confidence-building in the international sphere and serve the purpose of safeguarding the common information environment.

The aim of this paper is to point out which role the individual plays in the generation of information in social systems. First, it is argued that the individual is a social, self-conscious, creative, reflective, cultural, symbol- and language-using, active natural, producing, labouring, objective, corporeal, living, real, sensuous, visionary, imaginative, designing, co-operative being that makes its own history and can strive towards freedom and autonomy. Based on these assumptions the re-creation/self-organisation of social systems is described as a dialectic of actions and social structures and as a dialectic of individual information and social information. The individual enters economic, political and cultural relationships that result in the emergence and differentiation of social (i.e. economic, political and cultural) information which enables and constrains individual actions and thinking. Individuals as actors in social systems are indispensable for social self-organisation.

Introduction. In recent decades, information has become a product and a strategic resource, thus it has become the important prerequisite for society's transition to a new social structure – the information society. Purpose. The investigation of the influence of socio-economic conditions on the development of information processes in society, in terms of the development of the information society. Methods. In the research, the descriptive method, complex analysis, structural and functional analysis of the issues of socio-economic conditions of the development of information processes in society were used. Results. It was shown that socio-economic conditions of the development of information processes in society are interconnected and dependent on many factors, such as technical, moral-ethical fnd so on. In the current conditions of human development the main place takes a man that, on the one hand, acts as a performer and a customer of a new socio-economic model of the development of society and information processes in society. Originality. The scientific novelty of research consists of the fact that as the technical and technological factors of the development of information processes, the major factors are moral and ethical, in which the main role plays studying, education and level of education that indirectly influence on the level of development of information and communication technologies. Conclusion. Summing up it should be noted that for the creation of necessary socio-economic conditions of the development of information processes in society, the main objective for the government should be the formation and implementation of public policies, the creation of necessary legal and regulatory framework and socio-economic conditions for the further sustainable development of information processes in society.

The fulfilment of government objectives is dependent on information. Traditionally, this information originates from a classic process of input, (processing) activities, and output. However, in light of increased intergovernmental data sharing, the movement towards open data and opportunities concerning big data, traditional government information processes are evolving. This article aims to bring insight into these evolutions by creating a typology. Based on the typology, the paper further reflects on the impact these evolutions have on the processes and creation, delivery and improvement of public service.

Intro -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part 1: Access to Information, Past and Present -- 1 Sustaining Secrecy -- 2 Access Regimes -- Part 2: Behind Closed Doors - Security and Information Control -- 3 Flying the Secret Skies -- 4 Access to Information in an Age of Intelligencized Governmentality -- 5 Accessing Dirty Data -- Part 3: Access to Information and Critical Research Strategies -- 6 The Freedom of Information Act as a Methodological Tool -- 7 "He who controls the present, controls the past" -- 8 Beyond the Blue Line -- 9 Accessing the State of Imprisonment in Canada -- 10 Accessing Information on Streetscape Video Surveillance in Canada -- Part 4: Dispatches from the Fourth Estate -- 11 Access, Administration, and Democratic Intent -- 12 Access to Information -- 13 The Quest for Electronic Data -- Postscript -- Contributors -- Index.

The fulfilment of government objectives is dependent on information. Traditionally, this information originates from a classic process of input, (processing) activities, and output. However, in light of increased intergovernmental data sharing, the movement towards open data and opportunities concerning big data, traditional government information processes are evolving. This article aims to bring insight into these evolutions by creating a typology. Based on the typology, the paper further reflects on the impact these evolutions have on the processes and creation, delivery and improvement of public service.

SummaryThis paper reports on a research programme that has investigated the migration experiences of highly skilled professional and business migrants to New Zealand. Over a four‐year period, five separate studies have been conducted on the stages in the process of migration. The paper sets out a model of the stages of the migration process and the data and analysis which it has guided. Of particular interest are the information sources available to potential migrants and employers, the cultural sensitivity of settlement processes and the migrants' subsequent ease of access to the labour market. The paper analyses information flows available to migrants at crucial phases in the migration process based on a stages model of the migration process. The model indicates some of the critical steps, interactions, and decisions in the migration process from the individual's point of view. Crucial information gaps are identified and implications are drawn for actors involved at the different stages.