Suchergebnisse

AbstractTo learn to produce speech, infants must effectively monitor and assess their own speech output. Yet very little is known about how infants perceive speech produced by an infant, which has higher voice pitch and formant frequencies compared to adult or child speech. Here, we tested whether pre‐babbling infants (at 4–6 months) prefer listening to vowel sounds with infant vocal properties over vowel sounds with adult vocal properties. A listening preference favoring infant vowels may derive from their higher voice pitch, which has been shown to attract infant attention in infant‐directed speech (IDS). In addition, infants' nascent articulatory abilities may induce a bias favoring infant speech given that 4‐ to 6‐month‐olds are beginning to produce vowel sounds. We created infant and adult /i/ ('ee') vowels using a production‐based synthesizer that simulates the act of speaking in talkers at different ages and then tested infants across four experiments using a sequential preferential listening task. The findings provide the first evidence that infants preferentially attend to vowel sounds with infant voice pitch and/or formants over vowel sounds with no infant‐like vocal properties, supporting the view that infants' production abilities influence how they process infant speech. The findings with respect to voice pitch also reveal parallels between IDS and infant speech, raising new questions about the role of this speech register in infant development. Research exploring the underpinnings and impact of this perceptual bias can expand our understanding of infant language development.

Soziologische Aspekte der Kindersterblichkeit.

Themen: Zahl der Schwangerschaften, Fehlgeburten und Frühgeburten;
psychische und ärztliche Versorgung sowie Beschwerden während der
Schwangerschaft; Art und Dauer der Berufstätigkeit während der
Schwangerschaft sowie Entlastung bei der Hausarbeit; Mütterberatung; Art
des ärztlichen Beistands bei der Entbindung; Entbindungsort;
Komplikationen bei der Entbindung; Geschlecht und Gewicht des Kindes;
Erkrankungen des Kindes; Stillen; Todesursache und Todesart des Kindes;
Einstellung zur Schwangerschaftsverhütung und Abtreibung;
Familienplanung; Familiengröße und Wohnsituation; Art des
Mietverhältnisses; geographische Herkunft; Religiosität.

Demographie: Alter (klassiert); Familienstand; Kinderzahl; Alter der
Kinder (klassiert); Alter und Anzahl der Geschwister; Konfession;
Religiosität; Schulbildung; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung;
soziale Herkunft; regionale Herkunft; Flüchtlingsstatus.

Interviewerrating: Kooperationsbereitschaft der Befragten; Anzahl
der Kontaktversuche; Gesamteindruck von der Wohnung des Befragten.

Citation: Cross, Wilma Greene. Infant feeding. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1904. ; Morse Department of Special Collections ; Introduction: Surely no one who breathes the air of liberty-loving America, who enjoys the protection of its just laws, and who partakes of the benefits of it's worthy institutions can fail to have it's interests uppermost in every activity of his life. No one who names himself an "American" can disconnect his duties to his country with those of his religion. Yet very frequently through ignorance or unconcern, individuals do not realize what is the basis of their nation's welfare. Laws are enacted in the attempt to diminish wrong doing and institutions are established for the purpose of confining those who are abnormal. But these means prove ineffectual for the root of the evil has not been reached. The diseases of crimnality and imbecility, which are at once the disgrace and bane of this country, can not be cured by legislative enactments nor appropriations. The chief responsibility must unquestionably rest upon the home and more specifically upon the food consumed by the family. It would be narrow to assert that the latter has the sole influence in moulding the character of the individual and subsequently of the state but that it is of paramount importance is made certain both by the history of individuals and of nations. That the excessive consumption of animal food tends greatly to stimulate nervous activity is evidenced by the Englishing-speaking peoples who are the greatest users of animal food and at the same time the most energetic and the most pugnacious race on the globe. In contrast the uniformly non-aggressive and sluggish tendency of the Orientals whose diet is mostly farinaceous, offers convincining proof of the fact that such a dietary has a non-stimulating effect. Whether the results of these diets are due to their poorly balanced nutritive ratio or to some property peculiar to the animal and vegetable foods respectively, is of little moment here. It is sufficient…

Government publications: p. 106. ; "By Mrs. Max West, first published in 1914."--"Letter of transmittal": p. 9. ; At head of title: U.S. Department of Labor. James J. Davis, secretary. Children's Bureau. Grace Abbott, chief. ; Mode of access: Internet.

By Mrs. Max West. First published in 1914. cf. "Letter of transmittal", p. 9. ; At head of title: United States Department of labor. James J. Davis, secretary. Children's bureau. Grace Abbott, chief. ; "Government publications": p. 106. ; Mode of access: Internet.

At head of title: U.S. Department of labor. Children's bureau. Julia C. Lathrop, chief. ; "Government publications on domestic science": p. 82-84. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The ethnographic data presented in this dissertation is drawn from 20 weeks of informal interviews, participant observation, and other creative research methods such as the use of social media platforms like Facebook and WhatsApp, WhatsApp interviews, focus groups and pictures. Drawing on concepts of managing risk, this dissertation demonstrates that in a world where life is precarious due to illnesses, poverty and other social ills that reflect the political economy of the different spaces, child care is about sustaining the life of an infant. This paper explores the different ways that the state (represented through the National Department of Health) and mothers imagine themselves to be sustaining infant life. It further explores the complexities that arise when the state, external health institutions as well as the mother together with her family and friends imagine the process of sustaining infant life differently. This paper argues that infant feeding choices reflect the different discourses that surround 'sustaining life' and 'managing risk'. It aims to show that the introduction of exclusive breastfeeding policies is a manifestation of the state's ideas on how to sustain infant life. In contrast, the introduction of medicine and complimentary feeds reflect the ideas mothers have for sustaining the lives of their infants. This paper suggests that, although exclusive breastfeeding is important, there are different ways to sustain infant life that are not within the biomedical framework. Alas, these are often dismissed as barriers to exclusive breastfeeding and isolated from other tools used to sustain infant life and to address infant mortality.

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