Suchergebnisse

Sunto: Un associazionismo giovanile monolitico inquadrabile in un regime sul modello fascista venne impiantato in Spagna dagli apparati politici del franchismo già tra gli anni della guerra civile e l'inizio della seconda guerra mondiale. Dopo i rovesci politico-militari dei fascismi e l'avvicinamento di Franco agli Stati Uniti, tuttavia, l'impostazione originaria di queste organizzazioni venne in parte stemperata, e la cura di questa gioventù di Stato affidata a soggetti non sempre riconducibili alla Falange. Lo spiccato interesse storiografico per queste esperienze associative del regime franchista sta innanzi tutto nella loro durata quasi quarantennale - di parecchio superiore a quelle analoghe dell'Italia fascista e tanto più della Germania nazista - che ha imposto loro di fronteggiare, senza ammettere pubblicamente un proprio sostanziale fallimento, cambiamenti epocali nelle culture e aggregazioni giovanili. ; Summary: During the Civil War and the first few years of the Second World War, fascist-influenced youth associations were established by the Franco dictatorship in Spain. However, the defeat of the Axis powers and Franco's rapprochement with the United States led to changes both to the regime and its youth associations. Within the context of a youth history that is gaining increasing importance, the great interest in these groups lies particularly in their long lifetime ( far longer than that of their counterparts in Fascist Italy or Nazi Germany). As a result of this longevity, these groups had to deal with important changes, without publicly admitting their failure, of a socio-political and cultural nature and which concerned the same ways of organizing youth. ; Resumen: La dictadura franquista estableció un asociacionismo juvenil de impronta fascista en España durante la guerra civil y los primeros años de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, la derrota de las potencias del eje y el acercamiento de Franco a los Estados Unidos dieron lugar a cambios en el régimen y en sus organizaciones juveniles. El gran interés de éstas últimas en el marco de una historia de la juventud cada vez más importante radica especialmente en su larga duración - mucho mayor que la de sus análogas de la Italia fascista y de la Alemania nazi - que las forzaron a enfrentarse, sin admitir públicamente su fracaso, a importantes cambios, no solo socio-políticos, sino también culturales y de las mismas formas de organización de la juventud.

During the dictatorship, the educational policies that were carried out had the aim to inculcate some values and concrete knowledge's that looked for the indoctrination of the childhood. This study tries to understand what are the effects of the series of mechanisms started in youth- if they achieved the aim. Francoism, through the Youth Front, controlled the day to day school, politicizing all daily school activities. Dictatorship use education as a weapon of political education. ; W czasach dyktatury celem polityki edukacyjnej było wpajanie wartości i konkretnej wiedzy, która w istocie była indoktrynacją. W pracy podjęto próbę zrozumienia, jakie następstwa przyniosły mechanizmy zapoczątkowane w czasach młodości, czy spełniły swoją rolę. Reżim Franco, poprzez Front Młodzieżowy, kontrolował codzienność szkolną i upolityczniał szkolne aktywności. Dyktatura używa jako broni edukacji upolitycznionej.

Peer reviewed ; The role that popular tradition, invented or "genuine" but presented from a privileged position, plays in nationalist political movements is well known. Similar to other totalitarian systems, the Spanish Francoist regime (1939-75) appropriated and misused folklore in various ways. In this article I survey several of these uses, such as the strengthening of political legitimacy—actually enforced through a coup and a bloody civil war—by resorting to some supposedly pristine, spiritual values of the Spanish people, as symbolized by the peasantry. Other uses of folklore were the practical exploitation of models, symbols, and characters of traditional poetry to present an epic image of Franco and his regime and the recourse to folk music presentations abroad with diplomatic and propagandistic purposes.

The role that popular tradition, invented or "genuine" but presented from a privileged position, plays in nationalist political movements is well known. Similar to other totalitarian systems, the Spanish Francoist regime (1939-75) appropriated and misused folklore in various ways. In this article I survey several of these uses, such as the strengthening of political legitimacy—actually enforced through a coup and a bloody civil war—by resorting to some supposedly pristine, spiritual values of the Spanish people, as symbolized by the peasantry. Other uses of folklore were the practical exploitation of models, symbols, and characters of traditional poetry to present an epic image of Franco and his regime and the recourse to folk music presentations abroad with diplomatic and propagandistic purposes. ; Peer reviewed

En este artículo se presenta un estudio descriptivo de la incidencia de la censura en la traducción al español de la ópera prima de Larry McMurtry Horseman, Pass By. La traducción de la novela se efectuó durante el mandato de Fraga Iribarne al frente del Ministerio de Información y Turismo (1962-1969), periodo que para el género del Oeste coincide con el de incidencia censoria más baja de la dictadura. Enmarcado en la franja temporal de la dictadura franquista, el estudio investiga las técnicas translémicas utilizadas por Ana M.ª de la Fuente al traducir la violencia hacia la mujer en el discurso de este Western contemporáneo. El uso de la violencia fue uno de los criterios censorios aplicados por los censores del ministerio. Este artículo indaga la incidencia y efecto de la censura y autocensura en la traducción de la violencia hacia las mujeres en el discurso del Far West, donde la violencia constituía los mimbres del género. ; This article presents a descriptive study of the incidence of censorship in the translation into Spanish of Larry McMurtry's opera prima Horseman, Pass By. The novel was translated during Fraga Iribarne's term of office at the Ministry of Information and Tourism (1962-1969), a period when the incidence of censorship for the Western genre was at its lowest for the dictatorship. Framed within the temporal borders of the Franco's dictatorship, the study investigates the translation techniques used by Ana M.ª de la Fuente when translating violence against women in the discourse of this contemporary Western. The use of violence was one of the censorship criteria followed by the government's officials. This article explores the incidence and effect of censorship and self-censorship in the translation of violence against women in the discourse of the Far West, where violence was part and parcel of the genre.

'The European Rescue of the Franco Regime, 1950-1975' explores how the governments of the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community, acting collectively via the European Communities, assisted in the consolidation of the Franco regime. It explains how the Six (the Nine after 1972) implemented a set of policy measures that facilitated the subsistence of the Franco regime, proving that trade with the Six improved Spain's overall economic performance, which in turn secured Franco's rule.

"Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit dem politischen Gebrauch historischer Bildung unter Diktaturen, wobei das spanische Franco-Regime und das südkoreanische Park-Regime vergleichend betrachtet werden. Während der Fokus auf der Herrschaftszeit beider Diktatoren liegt, beleuchten wir auch knapp die jeweils davor liegende Periode, um die allgemeine Bildungspolitik beider Regimes besser einordnen zu können. Unser Ziel ist ein Vergleich der mit der Geschichtsausbildung verfolgten politischen Ziele und der darin reflektierten Ideologie sowie der narrativen Strukturen in den Geschichtslehrbüchern, weshalb wir neben Bildungsgesetzen und politischen Erklärungen auch die Curricula und die Lehrbücher in die Betrachtung einbeziehen." (Autorenreferat)

THE LAST OF THE TRADITIONAL COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY DICTATORSHIPS IN EUROPE AND THE FIRST AUTHORITARIAN TECHNOCRATIC REGIME WHICH CLAIMS TO RECONCILE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT WITH A TIGHT SOCIAL CONTROL, THE MANY-SIDED DICTATORSHIP OF GENERAL FRANCO COVERS A COMPLEX NETWORK OF VARIED AND AT TIMES CONTRADICTORY SOCIAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ELEMENTS WHICH FORM A SORT OF CONSERVATIVE AUTHORITARIANISM.

ABSTRACTThe last of the traditional counter‐revolutionary dictatorships in Europe and the first authoritarian technocratic regime which claims to reconcile economic development with a tight social control, the many‐sided dictatorship of General Franco covers a complex network of varied and at times contradictory social and ideological elements which form a sort of compendium of contemporary conservative authoritarianisms. It is a pity that serious studies of such a regime are so rare, despite, its duration. The question remains whether any fundamental study of Francoist Spain exists. No‐one has as yet examined methodically the application to Spain of the Marxist concept of Bonapartism or Gramsci's notion of Caesarism, nor even explored to the full the term fascism which is bandied about at random. It is in fact the functionalist analyses which are the most reliable and systematic of the existing studies; there is but a single researcher, Juan J. Linz, who can take the credit for this.