Suchergebnisse

Postmodernism has brought about changing demands with respect to time in work organizations. While the impact of this has been given some attention at both the organizational and individual levels, far less has been given to a consideration of the extent to which individual differences might moderate the impact of such changes. In order to proceed with this line of enquiry it is necessary first to be able to measure individual differences related to time. This article through an analysis and synthesis of existing measures of individual attitudes/approaches to time, a subsequent qualitative study, and large quantitative survey study ( n = 683), identifies a five-factor structure for time-related individual differences (Time Personality) and reports on the development of five complementary measurement scales: Leisure Time Awareness, Punctuality, Planning, Polychronicity and Impatience. The findings are discussed in the context of the role Time Personality might play in moderating the effects that differing organizational structures and changing work demands might have in organizational settings.

Abstract
All talkers show some flexibility in their speech, and the ability to imitate an unfamiliar accent is a skill that shows vast individual differences. Yet the source of these individual differences, in particular whether they originate from perceptual, motor, or social/personality factors, is not yet clear. In the current study, we ask how individual differences in these factors predict individual differences in deliberate accent imitation. Participants imitated three accents, and attempts were rated for accuracy. A set of measures tracking individual differences in perceptual, motor, cognitive, personality, and demographic factors were also acquired. Imitation ability was related to differences in musical perception, vocal articulation, and the personality characteristic of "openness to experience," and was affected by attitudes towards the imitated talkers. Taken together, results suggest that deliberate accent imitation skill is modulated not only by core perceptual and motor skills, but also by personality and affinity to the talker, suggesting that some aspects of deliberate imitation are a function of domain-general constraints on perceptual-motor systems, while others may be modulated by social context.

There is accumulating evidence that decision makers (DMs) are sensitive to the distribution of resources among themselves and others, beyond what is expected from the predictions of narrow self-interest. These social preferences are typically conceptualized as being static and existing independently of information about the other people influenced by a DM's allocation choices. In this article, we consider the reactivity of a DM's social preferences in response to information about the intentions or past behavior of the person to be affected by the DM's allocation choices (i.e., how do social preferences change in relation to the other's type). This article offers a conceptual framework for characterizing the link between distributive preferences and reciprocity, and reports on experiments in which these two constructs are disentangled and the relation between the two is characterized.