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This study explored agenda-setting implications of indexing news content by topic. It was expected that indexing would diminish the power of mass media to set an audience agenda. An experimental version of a newspaper was created in which salience cues were removed and replaced with a topical index. The experimental and control versions of the newspaper were administered to more than 400 university student subjects. Results showed statistically significant differences in news topic exposure, but equivalently concentrated patterns of readership in the two versions. Rather than directing readers to stories based on editorially determined salience cues, the agenda set by the experimental version was based on ordering within the index and newspaper. Most readers of the indexed newspaper also evaluated it negatively, but a core of such readers liked the indexing, suggesting that different readership styles condition responses to information ordering in a newspaper.

The empirical literature indicates that momentum-style investing is a more effective approach than value-based or growth-based strategies. To confirm this, this article makes an attempt to construct a Momentum Index for the Indian equity market. The CNX NIFTY 50 Momentum Index is designed by calculating the volatility and volume-adjusted Momentum Index for each security in the CNX NIFTY 50 Parent Index. The estimated Momentum Index returns are compared with the CNX NIFTY 50 Index in terms of volatility, Sharpe Ratio and Treynor Ratio. Using VAR methodology, and macroeconomic, firm-specific factors which influence the momentum, index returns are analysed. This study also examined the Fama–French unconditional CAPM by including the Momentum Index return as the fourth factor alongside price–earnings, price–book ratio and dividend yield in estimating excess market returns. JEL: G11, G12, G14

Though it has become increasingly popular, indexation is not a new idea. As early as 1742 Massachusetts had an issue of bonds based on a few commodities and Jevons in 1875 and Marshall in 1886 advocated the use of a standard unit of purchasing power in contracts for deferred payments.

An index is considered to be a single stimulus element or part in a communication message which selectively sensitizes a particular reaction to the total message. Exp'al studies of diff types of indices - newspaper headlines, picture captions, color, music, etc - show that manipulation of the index produces significant effects on judgments of the total message. It is as yet impossible to describe the precise mechanism by which an index influences the probability of occurrence of a particular reaction, but it is the writer's contention that the mechanics of this process rest in the neuro-physiological system of the individual. K. Geiger. Adapted from the source document.

During the 1980s, the minimum wage fell relative to prices and average wages in the U.S. economy. If the minimum to average wage ratio had been constant at the level maintained through the 1970s, the minimum wage would have been $5.51 in 1993. If the 1993 minimum wage had increased to $5.51, payments to minimum wage workers would have increased by an estimated $20.3 billion, and the number of people earning that wage would have risen from 2.0 million to 14.7 million. Elasticity estimates generated from other studies indicate that employment would have fallen 240,000 (4.4%) among 16–19 year olds and 349,000 (3.0%) among 20–24 year olds. Wage payments to minimum wage workers would have substantially increased, but the effect on family income distribution would have been small. Many minimum wage workers are children living with parents or adults in a family with other earners. Consequently, 75% of minimum wage workers account for less than half of their family's income.