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Teacher absenteeism is of concern in today's developing educational climate. In South Africa, where education itself is a contested terrain, and decades of disadvantage still impact resources and skills, despite democracy, it is a compelling challenge. This paper, based on a study of how independent primary schools in Gauteng, South Africa, manage teacher absenteeism, offers an analysis of the management practices employed so that some lessons can be extrapolated. The paper draws from real teaching experience in South African primary schools, noting the huge impact of teacher absenteeism and its implications for teaching and learning. Five co-educational (with both genders), independent primary schools were selected for this qualitative study, using Christopher Hood's Cultural-Theory Framework, document analysis, interviews and observation. Findings homed in on processes used to track teacher attendance policies; directives and instruments that regulate teacher absenteeism; factors that influence teacher absenteeism; leadership styles; rewards for good attendance; penalties for abusing leave, and strategies and measures to manage teacher absenteeism. We conclude with recommendations in response to this challenge and emphasise the need for further research.Keywords: primary school; strategies for management; teacher absenteeism; teaching and learning

Teacher absenteeism is of concern in today's developing educational climate. In South Africa, where education itself is a contested terrain, and decades of disadvantage still impact resources and skills, despite democracy, it is a compelling challenge. This paper, based on a study of how independent primary schools in Gauteng, South Africa, manage teacher absenteeism, offers an analysis of the management practices employed so that some lessons can be extrapolated. The paper draws from real teaching experience in South African primary schools, noting the huge impact of teacher absenteeism and its implications for teaching and learning. Five co-educational (with both genders), independent primary schools were selected for this qualitative study, using Christopher Hood's Cultural-Theory Framework, document analysis, interviews and observation. Findings homed in on processes used to track teacher attendance policies; directives and instruments that regulate teacher absenteeism; factors that influence teacher absenteeism; leadership styles; rewards for good attendance; penalties for abusing leave, and strategies and measures to manage teacher absenteeism. We conclude with recommendations in response to this challenge and emphasise the need for further research. ; This article is based on the MEd dissertation of Linda Naidoo. ; http://www.sajournalofeducation.co.za ; hj2020 ; Early Childhood Education

Background: Favorable survival in malignant cutaneous melanoma (melanoma) has increased the likelihood of second primary cancer (SPC). We assess the influence of patient characteristics at diagnosis of first melanoma and the type of SPC (second melanoma and other SPC) on overall survival. Methods: We used the Swedish Cancer Registry data to assess overall survival in melanoma for the period 1990 to 2015. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with Cox regression models by considering SPC diagnosis as a time-dependent variable. Results: A total of 46,726 patients were diagnosed with melanoma, and 15.3% of them developed SPC, among which, two thirds were other SPCs. Second melanomas were diagnosed early (31% during the first year) compared to non-melanoma SPCs (9.5%). Survival for women with second melanoma or other SPC (56 and 21% alive after 25 years of follow-up, respectively) exceeded the male rates (21 and 10%, respectively) but all these figures were lower than for females (60% alive) or males (48%) without SPC. Time dependent analysis showed vastly increased HRs for cancer types that are fatal also as first cancers, but SPC-specific HRs remained relatively uniform, irrespective of SPC diagnosed soon or late after first melanoma. In early-onset melanoma, SPC diagnosis after 10 years may not negatively influence overall survival. Conclusions: As the overall survival of patients with many types of SPCs is unfavorable, advice about health lifestyle should benefit smoking patients and early detection methods may be recommended for SPCs of the breast, prostate and colorectum. ; G.Z is a doctoral student supported by the China Scholarship Council (201606100057). This work is supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, grant No 856620, Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, The Swedish Research Council, Finnish Cancer Organizations, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital. Open Access funding enabled and ...

Using data collected from state-wide surveys for the four most recent presidential primaries in Wisconsin, together with data from three other states for 1976 and 1980, this study examines (1) the preponderance of party-consistent, independent, and cross-over voting; (2) the percentages of votes given various candidates from these types of voters; and (3) the probable "winners" in the four Wisconsin primaries under different hypothetical participation rules.

USING DATA COLLECTED FROM STATE-WIDE SURVEYS FOR THE FOUR MOST RECENT PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARIES IN WISCONSIN, TOGETHER WITH DATA FROM THREE OTHER STATES FOR 1976 AND 1980, THIS STUDY EXAMINES (1) THE PREPONDERANCE OF PARTY-CONSISTENT, INDEPENDENT, AND CROSS-OVER VOTING; (2) THE PERCENTAGES OF VOTES GIVEN VARIOUS CANDIDATES FROM THESE TYPES OF VOTERS: AND (3) THE PROBABLE "WINNERS" IN THE FOUR WISCONSIN PRIMARIES UNDER DIFFERENT HYPOTHETICAL PARTICIPATION RULES.

In this paper, the author examined the perception of primary school teachers about supervision exercise in Nigerian primary schools. The sample comprised 1258 (581 men, 677 women) classroom teachers who were randomly selected from 81 primary schools in Akinyele, Ona-Ara, and Ibadan South East Local Government Education Authorities, Oyo State, Nigeria. A questionnaire titled "Supervision and Quality of Instruction in Primary Schools" was administered on the sample. Frequency counts, percentages, and independent sample t - test were used to analyse the data. Results showed that fairly large sizes of the respondents were favourably disposed to supervision exercise in primary schools. Male teachers were more favourably disposed to supervision exercise than female teachers. However, generally the respondents were of the opinion that effective supervision is necessary in order to enhance the quality of instruction and to maintain standard in primary schools. The findings suggest the need for the government at all levels to strengthen supervision exercise in primary schools.

The article deals with the legislative and conceptual principles for the training of future primary school teachers in Ukraine since its independence. The purpose of the article is to investigate changes in the guidelines for the training of future elementary school teachers, with the acquisition of independence of Ukraine and pedagogical analysis of the positive aspects in the training process. The researching methodology consists of working with archival materials, dissertation researches, scientific papers, analysis and characterization of the documentary base of training of future primary school teachers. Scientific novelty is the study of the current state of development of society, which requires such teacher training, which is focused on the development of the child's personality, self-development, the ability of self-improvement. The role in the implementation of this task is entrusted, including, to elementary school. The National Doctrine for the Development of Education of Ukraine and other applicable documents governing the educational process in general secondary education institutions emphasize the importance of achieving this goal. The School of the 21st Century should realize the ideas of personally oriented pedagogy; to ensure the unity of intellectual, physical, spiritual, aesthetic and moral development of the personality, its competitiveness in the labor market; to learn the planning of one's own life strategy, the improvement of personal traits, the orientation in the value system, the definition of life credo and lifestyle. Such ideas will require specialists who can effectively implement them. This raises the problem of providing elementary schools as primary education, teachers who have music education, have the appropriate knowledge, skills and experience to perform musical and aesthetic education aimed at shaping the comprehensive development of the student's personality. Drawing conclusions, we can say that with the Ukraine's independence, changes were made in primary education, ...

AbstractIn recent years, philosophical inquiry into individual welfare has blossomed into something of a cottage industry, and this literature has provided the conceptual foundations for an equally voluminous literature on aggregate social welfare. In this essay, I argue that substantial portions of both bodies of literature ought to be viewed as philosophical manifestations of a characteristically modern illusion—the illusion, in particular, that there is a special kind of goodness that is irreducibly person-relative. Theories that are built upon this idea suffer from a recurring defect. Such theories relativize welfare to subjective states that are wholly unsuited to settling deliberative questions concerning what it would be good for us to do, because they themselves are subjective outlooks on value and their dependability is itself fair game for deliberative review. They are unstable, then, in the course of first-person deliberation, which is precisely where they are supposed to have their primary application. The idea of an irreducibly person-relative kind of goodness is of modern vintage, and its rise has distorted prevailing interpretations of pre-modern alternatives, including the appealing alternative found in Plato and Aristotle. A further objective of this essay is to recover this alternative, bring out its appeal, and answer some possible objections to it.

Vocational training of future teachers of primary and pre-primary education strives to prepare future teachers to succeed in pedagogical practice as best they can. That is why they should have the opportunity to connect theory and reflected practical experience, not only within pedagogical practices. One of the possibilities is intermediate artistic projects offered to students of the Faculty of Education, Masaryk University, Brno, within didactic preparation and independent disciplines. They provide students with additional knowledge, help to gain experience, and emotional experience. Implemented intermediate projects are also a source of valuable research data. Their analysis revealed essential conclusions that can improve the training of future teachers.

To think of the planting of Christianity in Africa and the work of missions and churches is to think of schools, of these agencies 'throwing across tropical Africa their gigantic fishing net of primary and secondary schools'. And to think of the African peoples themselves over the past century is to recall the swelling demand for education above almost everything else. Back in 1902 this was well expressed in the exhortation of King Lewanika to his Lozi council: 'Marotse, leave your shades, abandon our paganism. Send your children to school so that we also can become a nation.' The school has undoubtedly been the most universally appreciated Christian contribution to black Africa over the past century and more.

The protests of U students in independent Black Africa are described within a COMM's framework. The assumption is that student protests are (attempted) COMM's &, as such, may be studied using many of the tools which have been developed for studying COMM's. The protest COMM has 5 basic elements: catalysts, students, messages, targets & outcomes. Catalysts include a climate of protest, a specific problem, & a precipitating incident. Students can be categorized according to their backgrounds, numbers, org'al bases of action, & contemporary roles. Messages can be described in terms of channel employed & substantive content. Targets of protest include both primary & secondary actors. Outcomes can be categorized into sanctions upon students, changes in the catalyzing situation, & residual effects. The simple relationships among these elements of the protest COMM are indicated in a figure. It is felt that this is only a beginning. Variables must be operationally specified & needed data collected so that relationships among variables can be established & a theory of student protest action can be developed. Modified HA.