Suchergebnisse

This paper examines optimal non-linear income taxation, commodity taxation and public good provision under income uncertainty. Workers' income depends randomly on their effort, and effort is unobservable to the government. When income is taxed on a non-linear scale and commodities linearly, the consumption of commodities that are negatively (positively) associated with effort should be discouraged (encouraged). A similar rule is derived for public good provision. Conditions for when uniform commodity taxation and the first-best Samuelson rule for public good provision are desirable under income uncertainty are shown to be analogous to those derived in the conventional tax model. The paper also examines rules for optimal non-linear income and commodity taxation under income uncertainty.

Abstract
This paper analyses how corruption-induced income uncertainty affects the relationship between corruption and economic growth. The analysis reveals both the growth-enhancing and deteriorating effects of corruption that transmit through the income and productivity channels, and shows how income uncertainty caused by corruption interacts with both of these effects. In particular, it is found that an increase in bribe rates and the probability of corruption that reduces the burden of regulations generate counteracting effects on income and productivity, where both effects are further aggravated by corruption-induced income uncertainty. On the other hand, a higher burden of bribes imposed by extortive bureaucrats hampers growth unambiguously. However, in a highly corrupt environment, an increase in the incidence of extortive behaviour can be growth enhancing as it reduces income uncertainty, while if corruption levels are relatively low, then a further increase in the incidence of such behaviour deteriorates growth. These findings give us a new insight into why the overall growth effect of corruption is ambiguous.