Suchergebnisse

1 The Author's Premises -- Character Traits Can Change -- Treatment Is a Means of Changing Character -- Treatment and the Needs of the Individual -- Society's Unreasonable Expectations -- Social Pressures and Impulsive Behavior -- Staff Attitude and Impulsive Behavior -- Drug Addiction as a Manifestation of Impulsive Behavior -- Specific Premises about Drug-Addicted Impulsive Individuals -- 2 The Settings and the People -- Lexington -- The Composite Patient at Lexington -- A Psychiatric Hospital Setting -- An Outpatient Clinic for Drug Abusers -- 3 Character Disorders -- Personality Disorders -- Paranoid -- Schizoid -- Explosive -- Antisocial -- Passive-Aggressive -- Borderline Personalities -- Depression -- Low Self-Esteem -- Inability to Form Close Personal Relationships -- Manipulation -- Nonpsychotic Techniques of Avoidance -- Inability to Examine One's Own Behavior -- Action to Avoid Feeling -- Other People Are Unreal -- No Continuity in Patterns of Events -- Inability to Tolerate Criticism -- Inability to Plan -- Inability to Delay Gratification -- Entitlement -- No Experience Bearing Anxiety or Discomfort -- Self-Destruction -- Examples of Depression -- 4 Developmental Defect -- Normal Development -- Loss -- Reactions to the Loss -- Guilt and Conscience -- Inadequate Personal Relationships -- Summary -- 5 Games -- Kinds of Games -- Killing with Kindness -- Contracts -- Peace at Any Price -- Secret Deals -- Distractions -- "I'm No Racist" -- Poor Communication -- Goal Disharmony -- "Uh, Huh,I Knew It AU Along" -- Sliding by, or "I'm No Trouble" -- Good Guy-Bad Guy, or Splitting -- Jailhouse Lawyer -- The Lame Game -- Forget the Past -- Sulk -- Stir Him Up -- Confrontation Avoidance -- Focus on the Specific to Avoid the General Issue -- A Rose by Any Other Name -- No Loss Allowed -- Do as I Say, Not as I Do -- Going Through the Motions -- False Optimism -- Summary -- 6 Violence -- Destructiveness Outside of Treatment -- The Inherent Nature of Violence -- 7 A Graphic Approach to Understanding Intrapersonal Processes -- 8 Treatment -- Preconceived Distortions -- Gaining the Patient's Attention -- Structure, Limits, Goals -- Transference-Countertransference -- "Different Strokes for Different Folks" -- Alcohol -- Sedative-Hypnotic Addiction -- Opiates -- Treatment Modalities -- Conclusion.

We develop Bellman equation based approach for infinite time horizon optimal impulsive control problems. Both discounted and time average criteria are considered. We establish very general and at the same time natural conditions under which a canonical control triplet produces an optimal feedback policy. Then, we apply our general results for Internet congestion control providing a convenient setting for the design of active queue management algorithms. In particular, our general theoretical results suggest a simple threshold-based active queue management scheme which takes into account the main parameters of the transmission control protocol. ; Dans ce papier, nous développons une approche basée sur les équations de Bellman pour les problémes de contrôle optimal impulsif á horizon infini. Les deux critéres actualisé et moyenne sur le temps sont pris en considération. Nous établissons des conditions naturelles et trés générales en vertu desquelles un triplet canonique de contrôle produit une politique de rétroaction optimale. Ensuite, nous appliquons nos résultats généraux pour le contrôle de congestion dans Internet offrant un cadre idéal pour la conception des algorithmes de gestion active de files d'attente. En particulier, nos résultats théoriques généraux suggérent un systéme de gestion active de files d'attente á seuil qui prend en compte les principaux paramétres du protocole de contrôle de transmission.

We develop Bellman equation based approach for infinite time horizon optimal impulsive control problems. Both discounted and time average criteria are considered. We establish very general and at the same time natural conditions under which a canonical control triplet produces an optimal feedback policy. Then, we apply our general results for Internet congestion control providing a convenient setting for the design of active queue management algorithms. In particular, our general theoretical results suggest a simple threshold-based active queue management scheme which takes into account the main parameters of the transmission control protocol. ; Dans ce papier, nous développons une approche basée sur les équations de Bellman pour les problémes de contrôle optimal impulsif á horizon infini. Les deux critéres actualisé et moyenne sur le temps sont pris en considération. Nous établissons des conditions naturelles et trés générales en vertu desquelles un triplet canonique de contrôle produit une politique de rétroaction optimale. Ensuite, nous appliquons nos résultats généraux pour le contrôle de congestion dans Internet offrant un cadre idéal pour la conception des algorithmes de gestion active de files d'attente. En particulier, nos résultats théoriques généraux suggérent un systéme de gestion active de files d'attente á seuil qui prend en compte les principaux paramétres du protocole de contrôle de transmission.

In this paper, we consider an optimal impulsive control problem with intermediate state constraints. The peculiarity of the problem consists in a non-standard way of specifying of intermediate constraints. So the constraints must be satisfied for at least one selection of a set-valued solution to the impulsive control system. We prove a theorem for the existence of an optimal control and propose the reduction procedure that transforms the initial optimal control problem with intermediate constraints into a hybrid problem with control parameters. This hybrid problem gives an equivalent description of the optimal impulsive control problem. We discuss a numerical algorithm based on a direct collocation method and give a schema to the corresponding numerical calculations for a test example.

The intention of this study was to examine the relationship between the right and left hemispheres of the brain and criminal behaviour. It was predicted that prisoners scoring higher on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale of the WAIS-R would tend to commit more analytical thought-out
crimes. Those scoring higher on the Performance scale may be more impulsive type criminals and tend to commit crimes less thought out. A total of 51 inmates were tested with the WAIS-R. Inmates who scored lower on the Verbal scale than the Performance scale tended to be more impulsive. Due
to the overlap in crimes committed by both types of criminals, it was recommended that future research in this area may include a third category of both impulsive-non-impulsive along with the separation of the two categories.

In the present study, we examined the effect of wins and losses on impulsive action in gambling (Experiments 1-3) and non-gambling tasks (Experiments 4-5). In each experiment, subjects performed a simple task in which they had to win points. On each trial, they had to choose between a gamble and a non-gamble. The gamble was always associated with a higher amount but a lower probability of winning than the non-gamble. After subjects indicated their choice (i.e. gamble or not), feedback was presented. They had to press a key to start the next trial. Experiments 1-3 showed that, compared to the non-gambling baseline, subjects were faster to initiate the next trial after a gambled loss, indicating that losses can induce impulsive actions. In Experiments 4 and 5, subjects alternated between the gambling task and a neutral decision-making task in which they could not win or lose points. Subjects were faster in the neutral decision-making task if they had just lost in the gambling task, suggesting that losses have a general effect on action. Our results challenge the dominant idea that humans become more cautious after suboptimal outcomes. Instead, they indicate that losses in the context of potential rewards are emotional events that increase impulsivity. ; This work was supported by an Economic and Social Research Council Grant (ES/J00815X/1) to FV, CDC & IPLM, a starting grant to FV from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ ERC Grant Agreement No. 312445, and a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant (BB/K008277/1) to CDC and FV.

AbstractDisruptive behavior disorders comprise a category of behavioral disorders with common clinical, and possibly biological, characteristics.