Suchergebnisse

The background of the article is the contents of Article 59 paragraph (3) and explanation of paragraph (1) of the Law on Judicial Power. The article authorizes the District Court to implement the decision of the Sharia arbitration body on the resolution of Islamic economic disputes. The article and explanation of the verse contradicts the absolute authority of the Religious Courts regulated in Article 49 letter (i) of the Law on Religious Courts. This shows that, the legislators are not consistent in making laws and regulations, so that it creates legal uncertainty. By applying the normative legal research method to the statute approach and case approach, this article seeks to describe the phenomenon of legal conflicts that occur. From the in-depth analysis it can be concluded that the legal provisions regarding the implementation of the decision of the National Sharia Arbitration Board are regulated in the Arbitration Law, the Judicial Power Act and the Religious Courts Act. The legal substance of the provisions therein enables antinomy or legal conflicts. Antinomy settlement can use the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali

The background of the article is the contents of Article 59 paragraph (3) and explanation of paragraph (1) of the Law on Judicial Power. The article authorizes the District Court to implement the decision of the Sharia arbitration body on the resolution of Islamic economic disputes. The article and explanation of the verse contradicts the absolute authority of the Religious Courts regulated in Article 49 letter (i) of the Law on Religious Courts. This shows that, the legislators are not consistent in making laws and regulations, so that it creates legal uncertainty. By applying the normative legal research method to the statute approach and case approach, this article seeks to describe the phenomenon of legal conflicts that occur. From the in-depth analysis it can be concluded that the legal provisions regarding the implementation of the decision of the National Sharia Arbitration Board are regulated in the Arbitration Law, the Judicial Power Act and the Religious Courts Act. The legal substance of the provisions therein enables antinomy or legal conflicts. Antinomy settlement can use the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali

This theoretical article dealt with the problems of initiation and implementation of the state economic policy and its decisions. Main attention is focused on activities of the civil service to initiate, prepare and implement the decisions of the state economic policy. The interface between the state economic policy decisions making and the activities of civil service is shown. Current problems of initiation, preparation and implementation of the state economic policy and its decisions are discussesd in details. Priorities of contemporary state economic policy are described. The impact of the processes of globalization, knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation, the processes of European integration and the European Union's development on the decisions of the state economic policy is revealed. The role of the civil service in the life of contemporary society is revealed., its functions in initiation, preparation and implementation of the decisions of the state economic policy are characterized in detail.

This theoretical article dealt with the problems of initiation and implementation of the state economic policy and its decisions. Main attention is focused on activities of the civil service to initiate, prepare and implement the decisions of the state economic policy. The interface between the state economic policy decisions making and the activities of civil service is shown. Current problems of initiation, preparation and implementation of the state economic policy and its decisions are discussesd in details. Priorities of contemporary state economic policy are described. The impact of the processes of globalization, knowledge based society and knowledge economy creation, the processes of European integration and the European Union's development on the decisions of the state economic policy is revealed. The role of the civil service in the life of contemporary society is revealed., its functions in initiation, preparation and implementation of the decisions of the state economic policy are characterized in detail.

Assessing the extent to which states have implemented the decisions of supranational human rights bodies is a challenging task. It requires supranational bodies-be they judicial, quasi-judicial or political-to create an evidence-based public record of the status quo of implementation at any point in time and determine whether the measures taken do, in fact, satisfy the requirements of the decision. This, in turn, relies upon states engaging in good faith, victims having a voice, and civil society organizations seizing the opportunity to influence the follow-up process. Using empirical data from interviews in selected states in the African, Inter-American and European regions, and within regional and United Nations bodies, this article argues that in no human rights 'system' are all these expectations met, in part because follow-up work is inadequately resourced. It argues that supranational bodies should proactively seek out diverse sources of information and adopt more transparent and responsive working methods so as to enable 'real time' participation by all interested parties. The article concludes with recommendations for supranational bodies, and state and non-state actors.

This chapter focuses on Italy and the intra-alliance dynamics developed by Italy around the adoption and implementation of the dual-track decision of December 1979. In particular, it describes how, starting from a marginal position, sanctioned by the exclusion of the Italian government from the quadripartite summit held at Guadeloupe in January 1979, Rome managed to heighten its political relevance as an Atlantic partner thanks to its status as a non-nuclear weapon state. In fact, in accepting to deploy the so-called Euromissiles on its territory, Italy not only guaranteed the necessary conditions for West Germany's accession to that NATO decision; it also actively participated in Western European efforts to overcome the American initial resistance to pursue the arms control track with the same determination devoted to the nuclear build-up.