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The development of sound, modern and open insurance markets is an essential component of financial reform in emerging and transition countries. Insurance plays a fundamental role in national economic and social structures as well as in the promotion of entrepreneurship spirit, which is critical for the successful growth of these countries. Complementing a landmark series of publications related to insurance policy issues, the OECD has produced this unique glossary of insurance policy terms for government insurance officials, and academic and business communities worldwide. The selected topics range from insurance policy regulation/supervision to general trade issues and include technical terms related to issues such as claims, premiums and provisions.

When the United States faces loss or defeat in war, it is often loath to negotiate, make concessions to its adversary, and cut its losses. But the presence of allies and international organizations in the US coalition can help to correct this bias against compromise through a combination of simple bargaining, complex bargaining, and political cover. The costs of multilateralism can be considered a premium that is paid when operations are successful, so that the United States has an insurance policy to minimize loss in times of failure. The article contributes to a number of major debates over the costs and benefits of multilateralism and the impact of less powerful allies and international organizations on US foreign policy. [Reprinted by permission; copyright Sage Publications Ltd. & ECPR-European Consortium for Political Research.]

When the United States faces loss or defeat in war, it is often loath to negotiate, make concessions to its adversary, and cut its losses. But the presence of allies and international organizations in the US coalition can help to correct this bias against compromise through a combination of simple bargaining, complex bargaining, and political cover. The costs of multilateralism can be considered a premium that is paid when operations are successful, so that the United States has an insurance policy to minimize loss in times of failure. The article contributes to a number of major debates over the costs and benefits of multilateralism and the impact of less powerful allies and international organizations on US foreign policy.

Der Beitrag untersucht die Interaktion zwischen Gewerkschaften, die Löhne aushandeln, und Politikern, die die Höhe der Arbeitslosenversicherungsbeiträge und des Arbeitslosengeldes bestimmen. Wenn Politiker sich nicht für eine zukünftige Politik verpflichten, werden Beiträge und Leistungen im Verhältnis übermässig hoch. Das Ergebnis ist geringe Beschäftigung und niedrige Produktion. Die Wahl eines Politikers, der konservativer ist als der Durchschnittswähler mag zwar das Glaubwürdigkeitsproblem lösen, auf der anderen Seite könnte die Lohnflexibilisierung zu einer Abschwächung des Glaubwürdigkeitsproblems führen. Durch den Schleier der Ignoranz betrachtet, zeigt sich das Glaubwürdigkeitsproblem möglicherweise als ein Segen und nicht als Fluch. (ICCÜbers)