Suchergebnisse

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Purpose of Imprisonment -- 1. In Europe, There Are Four Main Justifications for Imprisonment -- 2. New Zealand Prisons Should Be for Rehabilitation, Not Retribution -- 3. In Mexico, Violence Is Eroding Catholic Attitudes Toward Punishment -- 4. British Crime Rates Would Decrease if Imprisonment Rates Increased -- 5. Prison Should Be Abolished -- Periodical Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Sentencing and Imprisonment -- 1. Life Imprisonment May Violate Human Rights -- 2. In India, Life Sentences Are Assumed to Be for Life -- 3. In Singapore, Juveniles Can Be Detained Indefinitely -- 4. Honduran Juveniles Must Not Be Sentenced to Adult Jails -- 5. Canadians Support Mandatory Sentencing with Some Judicial Discretion -- 6. In Britain and Germany, Innovative Sentences Increase Chances for Rehabilitation -- Periodical Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Prison Conditions -- 1. Humane Treatment of Prisoners Is Guaranteed by International Law -- 2. In France, Prison Conditions Are Deteriorating -- 3. Turkey's Torture of Prisoners May Be Changing -- 4. Zimbabwe's Prison Conditions Are Horrible -- 5. In South African Prisons, Rape Is Widespread -- 6. Prisons in Post-Soviet Russia Incubate a Plague -- 7. Australian Prisons Are Ill-Equipped to Deal with Women Prisoners -- 8. Juveniles in the United States Should Not Be Sent to Adult Prisons -- Periodical Bibliography -- Chapter 4: Political Prisoners -- 1. Iran Jailed a Prominent Journalist for Criticizing the Government -- 2. China May Be Harvesting the Organs of Political Prisoners -- 3. In China, Identifying Political Prisoners Can Facilitate Their Release -- 4. In Cuba, There Are Fewer Political Prisoners but More Arbitrary Arrests -- 5. Political Protestors in Papua Should Not Be Imprisoned

Every State in the modern world has a prison system, established and purportedly administered in terms of formal legal rules. Most such systems house both sentenced and unsentenced prisoners and have minimum standards and rules that are common to all prisoners. Although there is now a considerable body of international law that aims to provide a human rights framework for the recognition of the rights of all prisoners, the universality of the prison and the ubiquity of international human rights law have not meant that there is international consensus about what imprisonment should be used for and how prisons should be administered. The prison as a penal institution has remained firmly rooted in the nation State and in national legal systems. In this respect penal institutions are different from other detention facilities, most particularly those for prisoners of war, which have long been governed by the rules of international humanitarian law.

Reviews Russell P. Dobash, R. Emerson Dobash, Sue Gutteridge, The Imprisonment of Women. New York: Basil Blackwell Inc., 1986; and Nicole Hahn Rafter, Partial Justice: Women in State Prisons, 1800-1935. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1985. (PAS)

Most prison administrators are beset with large polyglot pop. so diverse, that uniform efforts are difficult. Recent prison disturbances have revealed these efforts to be ineffective unless ways of reducing prison pop. to a manageable point are investigated. One way is the presentence investigation. This provides information that can guide the judge in a disposition that more closely fits the case. Thus the judge can place on probation likely prospects; and sentence the offender on the basis of the characteristics of the individual. Imprisonment postpones rehabilitation which must take place if the community is to be protected. This is a 2nd way in which prison pop. can be reduced and handled. Use of probation can be increased if qualified probation officers are available; such an increase will provide as much protection to the public as a high rate of imprisonment. Lack of a basis philosophy for dealing with offenders leads to the ignoring of these techniques. We still rely on the jail. Costs of incarceration and probation indicate that roughly $1,500 is spent on the inmate, while only $100-200 is per probationer per year. Use of probation as a disposition should be increased so that 75-80% of convictions can be so treated. H. M. Trice.

Europe has built a humanitarian criminal policy regarding imprisonment with three basic principles - limitation of the use of prison, normalization of prison life and reintegration as the main aim of the deprivation of freedom - and it seems relevant to assess whether single penitentiary systems in Spain achieve this European ideal. The paper analyses the reality of imprisonment in Spain by surveying a representative sample of persons who have experienced imprisonment in one of its regions. The paper reveals a more positive fulfilment of the principles of normalization and reintegration than previous literature has demonstrated. However, in both the normalization and the reintegration principles, there appear aspects of concern that require the implementation of new policies. ; Europa hat bezüglich des Freiheitsentzugs eine humanitäre Strafrechtspolitik mit drei Grundprinzipien aufgebaut: Begrenzung der Inhaftierung, Angleichung des Gefängnislebens und Wiedereingliederung als Hauptziel des Freiheitsentzugs. Daher erscheint es relevant zu betrachten, ob die Strafvollzugssysteme in Spanien dieses europäische Ideal erreichen. Der Aufsatz analysiert die Realität des Strafvollzugs in Spanien anhand einer Umfrage unter einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von Personen, die dort inhaftiert waren. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich eine positivere Erfüllung der Prinzipien der Angleichung und Reintegration als in der bisherigen Literatur. Sowohl beim Angleichungs- als auch beim Reintegrationsprinzip gibt es jedoch Aspekte, die Anlass zur Besorgnis geben und die Umsetzung einer neuen Politik erfordern.