Suchergebnisse

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant European terrestrial and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (west of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. For the Hymenoptera, taxonomic data from one grade (Symphyta) and one Superfamily (Ichneumonoidea), including 15 families and 10,717 species, are included. Ichneumonoidea is the largest superfamily of Hymenoptera and consisting of two extant families, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The costal cell of the fore wing is absent, the fore wing has at least two closed cells, the constriction between the mesosoma (thorax + first abdominal segment or propodeum) and the metasoma (remainder of abdomen) is distinct and the parasitoid larvae usually spin a silken cocoon. Also, the metasoma is ventrally partly desclerotized in the vast majority of ichneumonoids.

The Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of terrestrial arthropods and comprises the sawflies, wasps, ants, bees and parasitic wasps. Hymenoptera: Evolution, Biodiversity and Biological Control examines the current state of all major areas of research for this important group of insects, including systematics, biological control, behaviour, ecology, and physiological interactions between parasitoids and hosts. The material in this volume originates from papers presented at the Fourth International Hymenoptera Conference held in Canberra, Australia in early 1999. This material has been ext.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all extant European terrestrial and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at the level of countries and major islands (west of the Urals and excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project comprises about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. Fauna Europaea represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. For the Hymenoptera, taxonomic data from one grade (Symphyta) and one Superfamily (Ichneumonoidea), including 15 families and 10,717 species, are included. Ichneumonoidea is the largest superfamily of Hymenoptera and consisting of two extant families, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. The costal cell of the fore wing is absent, the fore wing has at least two closed cells, the constriction between the mesosoma (thorax + first abdominal segment or propodeum) and the metasoma (remainder of abdomen) is distinct and the parasitoid larvae usually spin a silken cocoon. Also, the metasoma is ventrally partly desclerotized in the vast majority of ichneumonoids.

Der größte Teil der Sammlung Ratzeburg wurde gegen Ende des II. Weltkrieges vernichtet. Der Teil der Sammlung, der den Krieg überdauerte, ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit. Insgesamt wird Material aus 65 Arten untersucht, von denen 61 von Ratzeburg aufgestellt wurden. Von 40 dieser Arten sind die Typen verschollen, bzw. läßt sich der Typuscharakter des noch vorhandenen Materials nicht eindeutig nachweisen. Von den folgenden 20 Ratzeburg'schen Arten ist zumindest ein Teil des Typenmaterials mit mehr oder weniger großer Wahrscheinlichkeit noch erhalten: Chelonus atriceps (Nr. 1), Bracon hylesini (Nr. 9), B. middendorffii (Nr. 12), B. praecisus (Nr. 15), B. initiatellus (Nr. 17), B. palpebrator (Nr. 18), B. labrator (Nr. 19), B. sordidator (Nr. 20), B. laevigatus (Nr. 22), Spathius radzayanus (Nr. 26), Microgaster hoplites (Nr. 32), M. inclusus (Nr. 35), M. terebrator (Nr. 37), M. ater (Nr. 40), Perilitus rugator (Nr. 47), P. brevicornis (Nr. 49), Opius rubrieeps (Nr. 52), Rogas limbator (Nr. 55), Cosmophorus klugii (Nr. 60) und Bracon multiarticulatus (Nr. 61). Von Spathius exannulatus (Nr. 23) ist ein Exemplar aus der Typusserie vorhanden, das aber keine typisierende Wirkung hat. ; The greatest part of the Ratzeburg collection was destroyed towards the end of World War II. The part which outlived the war is dealt with in this paper. A total of 65 species is studied here 61 of which were described by Ratzeburg . The types of 40 of these species are lost or it was impossible to prove the type character of the material still available. At least a part of the type material of the following 20 Ratzeburg species is preserved with more or less probability: Chelonus atriceps (no. 1), Bracon hylesini (no. 9), B. middendorjfii (no. 12), B. praecisus (no. 15), B. initiatellus (no. 17), B. palpebrator (no. 18), B. labrator (no. 19), B. sordidator (no. 20), B. laevigatus (no. 22), Spathius radzayanus (no. 26), Microgaster hoplites (no. 32), M. inclusus (no. 35), M. terebrator (no. 37), M. ater (no. 40), Perilitus rugator (no. 47), P. brevicornis (no. 49), Opius rubrieeps (no. 52), Rogas limbator (no. 55), Cosmophorus klugii (no. 60) and Bracon multiarticulatus (no. 61). One specimen of Spathius exannulatus (no. 23), although it is one of the original series, cannot be regarded as a type because it belongs to another species.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest orders of insects, with about 130,000 described species. In the Fauna Europaea database, 'Hymenoptera - Apocrita (excluding Ichneumonoidea)' comprises 13 superfamilies, 52 families, 91 subfamilies, 38 tribes and 13,211 species. The paper includes a complete list of taxa dealt with, the number of species in each and the name of the specialist responsible for data acquisition. As a general conclusion about the European fauna of Hymenoptera, the best known countries in terms of recorded species are those from northwestern Europe, with the least known fauna probably in the more eastern and southeastern parts of Europe. ; © Mitroiu M et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest orders of insects, with about 130,000 described species. In the Fauna Europaea database, 'Hymenoptera - Apocrita (excluding Ichneumonoidea)' comprises 13 superfamilies, 52 families, 91 subfamilies, 38 tribes and 13,211 species. The paper includes a complete list of taxa dealt with, the number of species in each and the name of the specialist responsible for data acquisition. As a general conclusion about the European fauna of Hymenoptera, the best known countries in terms of recorded species are those from northwestern Europe, with the least known fauna probably in the more eastern and southeastern parts of Europe.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. Hymenoptera is one of the four largest orders of insects, with about 130,000 described species. In the Fauna Europaea database, 'Hymenoptera - Apocrita (excluding Ichneumonoidea)' comprises 13 superfamilies, 52 families, 91 subfamilies, 38 tribes and 13,211 species. The paper includes a complete list of taxa dealt with, the number of species in each and the name of the specialist responsible for data acquisition. As a general conclusion about the European fauna of Hymenoptera, the best known countries in terms of recorded species are those from northwestern Europe, with the least known fauna probably in the more eastern and southeastern parts of Europe.

The social wasps of the order Hymenoptera, family Vespidae and subfamily Polistinae, perform important ecological functions such as pollination and predation, including pest insects, and can be an important resource in biological control. Some species of parasitoids attack nests of social wasps causing mortality in the early stages of development, thus impairing the biological control exercised by these insects. This study aimed to verify the occurrence and identify parasitoids in nests of Polistes versicolor Olivier, 1971, at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais (IFMG) - Campus Bambuí, Brazil. In total, 14 nests of P. versicolor were collected. The parasitism rate was 28.57%, and parasitoids were recorded in four of the 14 nests collected. The presence of parasitized nests may be due to the absence of a protective envelope, typical of the nest of P. versicolor. The emerged parasitoid belongs to the species Elasmus polistis Burks, 1971 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a species identified in nests of social wasps only in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. To the best our knowledge, this is the first study that shows the occurrence of E. polistis parasitizing social wasps in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil.

Because social wasps often defend their nests by inflicting painful stings or bites, some animals associate with them looking for protection against potential predators. Some neotropical vespids are known to maintain associations with other insect and vertebrate taxa, such as birds and bats, however there are not previous records about associations between ants and hornets in Europe. In this study, we reported the first case of association between the arboreal ant Camponotus fallax and the European hornet Vespa crabro in Europe. The observations were made in Central Spain, where two colonies of C. fallax were found in two different avian nest-boxes inhabited by V. crabro when spotless starlings finished their breeding season. The reasons of this possible association are also discussed.

Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/1424-281 8/13/2/88/s1, Table S1. Ant species list of France, Morocco and the IP. Table S2. List of Iberian ant species and their occurrence in the refugium areas ; We thank José M. Martín, Alfonso Arribas and Elvira Martín who provided some references and exchange of ideas and Pedro Sandoval for his help with the figures. Angela Tate reviewed the English edition. We are also grateful to the three anonymous reviewers who made a careful and significant improvement to the manuscript. ; Ants are highly diverse in the Iberian Peninsula (IP), both in species richness (299 cited species) and in number of endemic species (72). The Iberian ant fauna is one of the richest in the broader Mediterranean region, it is similar to the Balkan Peninsula but lower than Greece or Israel, when species richness is controlled by the surface area. In this first general study on the biogeography of Iberian ants, we propose seven chorological categories for grouping thems. Moreover, we also propose eight biogeographic refugium areas, based on the criteria of "refugia-within-refugium" in the IP. We analysed species richness, occurrence and endemism in all these refugium areas, which we found to be significantly different as far as ant similarity was concerned. Finally, we collected published evidence of biological traits, molecular phylogenies, fossil deposits and geological processes to be able to infer the most probable centre of origin and dispersal routes followed for the most noteworthy ants in the IP. As a result, we have divided the Iberian myrmecofauna into four biogeographical groups: relict, Asian-IP disjunct, Baetic-Rifan and Alpine. To sum up, our results support biogeography as being a significant factor for determining the current structure of ant communities, especially in the very complex and heterogenous IP. Moreover, the taxonomic diversity and distribution patterns we describe in this study highlight the utility of Iberian ants for understanding the complex evolutionary history and biogeography of the Iberian Peninsula. ; Spanish Government RTA2015-00012-C02-02 ; Instituto de Investigacion Agropecuaria (INIA) ; European Commission

We investigated the richness and composition of social Hymenoptera collected with a Malaise trap in a rainforest in the Amazon. In addition, we studied the possibility of reducing the number of traps and the time the traps remain in the field to minimize the sampling effort. In reducing sampling effort, we seek to maintain taxonomic standards (similarity in composition) and reduce both the time the Malaise trap remains in the field and the number of traps per plot. We collected 63 species of social Hymenoptera, represented by 11 species of Apidae, 31 of Formicidae, and 21 of Vespidae, in 30 plots of 250 m distributed in 25 km² of rainforest in the Amazon. It was possible to reduce the permanence time of the Malaise trap in the field from 72 to 48 hours without significant loss of the maximum recorded diversity since there is high similarity (80%) to the maximum effort of 72 hours of sampling. The reduction from two to one trap directly impacted the sampled diversity. We estimate savings of 30.53% by reducing sampling effort and trap dwell time, allowing the resources saved to be invested more efficiently in biodiversity monitoring studies in the Amazon basin.