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Sports and physical activity are transforming, and being transformed by, the societies in which they are practised. From the perspectives of both competitive and non-competitive sports, the complexity of their integration into today's society has led to neither sports federations nor governments being able to manage the safety problem alone. In other words, these agencies, whilst promoting sport and physical activity, deliver policy and practices in an uncoordinated way that largely ignores the need for a concurrent overall policy for sports safety. This article reviews and analyses the possibility of developing an overall sports safety policy from a global viewpoint. Firstly, we describe the role of sports in today's societies and the context within which much sport is delivered. We then discuss global issues related to injury prevention and safety in sports, with practical relevance to this important sector, including an analysis of critical policy issues necessary for the future development of the area and significant safety gains for all. We argue that there is a need to establish the sports injury problem as a critical component of general global health policy agendas, and to introduce sports safety as a mandatory component of all sustainable sports organizations. We conclude that the establishment of an explicit intersection between science and policy making is necessary for the future development of sports and the necessary safety gains required for all participants around the world. The Safe Sports International safety promotion programme is outlined as an example of an international organization active within this arena. © 2008 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved. ; C1

Sport stands in ambivalent relation to war and peace. The actual peace movement has shown that, in its new dimensions, the total threat to mankind by nuclear armament requires a "Copernican turning point" in political thinking and acting in all social spheres. Some aspects of the responsibility of sport for peace are described. In sport politics and science this responsibility is discussed controversially between the concepts "proprium" and "political mandate" of sport. They reflect general obligations of sport science to political counselling. Peace-political and -pedagogical meanings and margins of action of sport are illustrated. - "One has to bring the habitual terms into a new frame of reference. They have to be rethought with regard to the logic of political thinking in the nuclear age. In the history of science, revaluations of the whole terminology repeatedly took place. Each time, the transition to a new way of thinking, which extended over decades or centuries, was accompanied by a merciless struggle. But this time there is no time available to mankind. The logic of thinking in the nuclear age must be comprehended as quickly as possible." (G. Ch. Schachnasarow)—

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. ; This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. ; Sport stands in ambivalent relation to war and peace. The actual peace movement has shown that, in its new dimensions, the total threat to mankind by nuclear armament requires a "Copernican turning point" in political thinking and acting in all social spheres. Some aspects of the responsibility of sport for peace are described. In sport politics and science this responsibility is discussed controversially between the concepts "proprium" and "political mandate" of sport. They reflect general obligations of sport science to political counselling. Peace-political and -pedagogical meanings and margins of action of sport are illustrated. - "One has to bring the habitual terms into a new frame of reference. They have to be rethought with regard to the logic of political thinking in the nuclear age. In the history of science, revaluations of the whole terminology repeatedly took place. Each time, the transition to a new way of thinking, which extended over decades or centuries, was accompanied by a merciless struggle. But this time there is no time available to mankind. The logic of thinking in the nuclear age must be comprehended as quickly as possible." (G. Ch. Schachnasarow)—

Although there are obvious American influences on Australian popular culture, the term "Americanization" is of limited help in explaining the elaborate form and content of Australian sport. The recent transformation from amateur to corporate sport in Australia has been determined by a complex array of internal and international social forces, including Australia's polyethnic population, its semiperipheral status in the capitalist world system, its federal polity, and its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. Americanization is only one manifestation of the integration of amateur and professional sport into the media industries, advertising agencies, and multinational corporations of the world market. Investment in sport by American, British, New Zealand, Japanese, and Australian multinational companies is part of their strategy of promoting "good corporate citizenship," which also is evident in art, cinema, dance, music, education, and the recent bicentennial festivities. It is suggested that the political economy of Australian sport can best be analyzed by concepts such as "post-Fordism," the globalization of consumerism, and the cultural logic of late capitalism, all of which transcend the confines of the United States.

Sekendiz, B orcid:0000-0002-5657-0008 ; Introduction: Work placements are an integral part of exercise and sports sciences curriculum. Due to the type and location of these work placements students can often be required to access sensitive client information. There is currently a gap of knowledge about the implications of the privacy laws for exercise and sports sciences work placements and related course work requirements at private sector health service providers such as allied health clinics, fitness facilities or gyms. The aim of this study is to describe the rules for accessing and sharing sensitive client information from the perspectives of the higher education and health service providers within the relevant legal and ethical frameworks that regulate the handling of such personal information by organisations. Methods: The first stage of the study consists of a review of primary sources of law such as the relevant legislation in each jurisdiction, legal principles, and case law. The second stage of the study consists of a review of secondary sources of law such as case digests, text books, and legal peer-reviewed journal articles in order to explain the findings from the first stage of the study. Results: The findings show that regardless of the type and location of exercise and sport science work placements, a person`s right for personal autonomy to know and decide how their personal information will be maintained, used and shared is a protected legal right under the privacy laws. Government health organisations have developed very strict policy and procedures to ensure patient confidentiality during work placements or in medical research including online data security and informed consent. However, the industry standards or practices for handling private and confidential client information at exercise and sport sciences work placements at private health sites is not clear. Conclusion: The higher education providers, industry bodies, and private sector health service providers are urged to work in collaboration to develop and implement risk management strategies to ensure high standards of ethical practice and confidentiality of sensitive client health information are maintained that can support high quality learning outcomes for the work placement students. Future studies that investigate the relationship between the implementation of risk management practices and the perceptions about client privacy at exercise and sport sciences work placements are warranted.

Based on a series of themes and case studies, this book aims to illustrate the impact of sports policies and practices on individuals and their identities, and to analyze the potential solutions offered by International human rights law (IHRL) for these infringements. It bridges the gap between IHRL and sports studies, and will be useful to scholars in both fields, especially those unfamiliar with each other's work. Furthermore, by investigating the context of sport and its governance, this collection offers a series of valuable insights, enabling the development of an interpretation of 'law in context' for legal scholars in the field of human rights. As the governance and regulation of sport are seen as illustrations of other forms of normativity, this book also contributes to the conversation about the transnational dimension of law and legal orders. In this respect, it illustrates that normative autonomy in the field of sport, associated with the idea of lex sportiva, tends to be relative regarding IHRL. The sporting environment is not disconnected from major contemporary social issues: it constitutes a public space in which injustices can be denounced, but also the theater in which prejudices are perpetuated against various parties, such as athletes or workers. IHRL commonly addresses attacks on individual dignity and social justice issues by guaranteeing rights to individuals and offering them protection mechanisms. In this context, can IHRL solve the problems encountered in the sporting environment? This is the question that animates this volume. This is an open access book.

Introduction: Making the Case for the Social Sciences of Sport, Exercise, and Health ; The Sport Ethic and the Natural Sciences ; Proposing a Human Development Model -- Part I. Identity: Definitions, Development, and the Individual -- Chapter 1. History of Sport / Wray Vamplew, PhD ; Relationships With Other Disciplines ; Core Concepts ; Main Theoretical Perspectives ; Critical Findings ; Key Debates ; Summary -- Chapter 2. Philosophy of Sport / Sigmund Loland, PhD, and Michael McNamee, PhD ; Historical Overview of the Discipline ; Main Theoretical Perspectives ; Key Debates ; Future Directions ; Summary -- Chapter 3. Psychology of Sport / David Lavallee, PhD, John Kremer, PhD, and Aidan Moran, PhD ; Core Concepts ; Main Theoretical Perspectives ; Critical Findings ; Key Debates ; Summary -- Part II. Community: Place, Space, Image, and the Social -- Chapter 4. Anthropology of Sport / Alan Klein, PhD ; Foundations in Sociocultural Anthropology ; Post-1970: The Athletic El Dorado and the Anthropologists Who Seek Him ; Looking Outward ; Summary -- Chapter 5. Sociology of Sport / Joseph Maguire, PhD ; Historical Development and Core Concepts ; Main Theoretical Perspectives ; A Sociological Account of Sport: Critical Findings ; Future Directions and Key Debates ; Summary -- Chapter 6. Geography of Sport / Christopher Gaffney, PhD ; Historical Trajectory of the Geography of Sport ; Core Concepts ; Main Theoretical Perspectives ; Key Debates and Critical Findings ; Future Directions ; Summary -- Chapter 7. Media Studies and Sport / David Rowe, PhD ; Historical Connections and Questions in Media Studies ; Understanding Media: Core Concepts ; Media Powers and Routines: Main Theoretical Perspectives ; Critical Findings and Key Debates in Sport and Media ; Conclusion: Sport and Media Studies in Transition -- Part III. Capital: Wealth, Power, and Resources -- Chapter 8. Economics and Sport / Stefan Szymanski, PhD ; Professional League Model: Theory and Policy ; Productivity Studies ; Economic Impact: Measurement, Theory, and Policy ; Sport, Physical Activity, and Well-Being ; Illustrations of Economic Issues ; Conclusions -- Chapter 9. Political Science and Sport / Jonathan Grix, PhD ; Core Concepts in Political Science ; Study of Sport and Politics ; Research Paradigms and Theoretical Perspectives in Political Science ; Applying Political Science and Sport: The Governance of Sport and the Politics of Mega-Events ; Summary -- Chapter 10. International Relations and Sport / Roger Levermore, PhD, and Aaron Beacom, PhD ; Core Concepts and Main Theoretical Perspectives ; Critical Findings and Key Debates ; Summary -- Part IV. Governance: Regulation, Organization, and Implementation -- Chapter 11. Sport and the Law / Deborah Healey, LLB, LLM (Hons) ; The Global Organization and Regulation of Sport ; Overview: The Place of Law in Sport ; Are the Courts Always Interested in Sport? ; Governance ; Aspects of Industry Self-Regulation in Sport ; Summary -- Chapter 12. Sport and Social Policy / Ramoń Spaaij, PhD ; Discipline of Social Policy: A Historical Overview ; Main Theoretical Perspectives ; Key Concepts ; Key Debates ; Summary -- Chapter 13. Sport and Management Studies / Lucie Thibault, PhD ; Sport as a Unique Industry ; Historical Overview ; Core Concepts ; Main Theoretical Perspectives ; Critical Findings ; Key Debates ; Summary -- Chapter 14. Sport and Education / Dawn Penney, PhD ; Core Concepts ; Theoretical Perspectives ; Critical Findings ; Key Debates ; Summary.

Sport is one of the most ubiquitous activities of modern contemporary society, given the enormous amount of primary & secondary involvement by people of all ages & social strata. Sport penetrates into & plays a significant role in all social institutions. The functions of play, games, & sport is a major theme running through much of the work of social scientists. The following major categories of functions of play, games, & sport are delineated: instinct, developmental-cognitive, mastery, social integration, socialization, social control, & personal-expressive. There is a substantial body of literature in the social sciences discussing the importance of each of these functions. HA.

Sport is one of the most ubiquitous activities of modern contemporary society. The pervasiveness of sport can be seen by the enormous amount of primary and second ary involvement in it by people of all ages and social strata. Sport penetrates into and plays a significant role in all of the social institutions. The functions of play, games, and sport is a major theme running through much of the work of social scientists. Although there is no definitive list, there are seven major categories of functions of play, games, and sport: in stinct, developmental-cognitive, mastery, social integration, socialization, social control, and personal-expressive. There is a substantial body of literature in the social sciences dis cussing the importance of each of these functions.

Sport is one of the most ubiquitous activities of modern contemporary society. The pervasiveness of sport can be seen by the enormous amount of primary and second ary involvement in it by people of all ages and social strata. Sport penetrates into and plays a significant role in all of the social institutions. The functions of play, games, and sport is a major theme running through much of the work of social scientists. Although there is no definitive list, there are seven major categories of functions of play, games, and sport: in stinct, developmental-cognitive, mastery, social integration, socialization, social control, and personal-expressive. There is a substantial body of literature in the social sciences discussing the importance of each of these functions.

Male and female age-cohorts resemble each other quite clearly in their sport involvement. The greatest differences between men and women are shown to be in organized and competitive sports mainly practiced by men, and in so-called "untied" movement (i.e. physical exercise that does not require any pre-arrangements), more of a female domain. The various age-cohorts differ in sport involvement from each other more among men than among women. This is examined from several angles: as a question of role or gender expectations, of different life-situations and possibilities, of different meanings and contents of sport and movement, and of different sport cultures and myths.